Presentation on

Water Pollution and

Nanotechnology

Presented by
Aruna
Ashok Kumar
Ashwini Kumar
Deva lal bairwa
How can nanotechnology be used
to reduce water pollution?
• The removal of industrial water
pollution, such as a cleaning solvent
called TCE (trichloroethene) , from
ground water. Nanoparticles can be
used to convert the contaminating
chemical through a chemical
reaction to make it harmless.
• To reach contaminates dispersed in
underground ponds at much lower
cost than other methods
• The removal of salt or metals from
water.
• A deionization method using
electrodes composed of nano-sized
fibers shows promise for reducing
the cost and energy requirements
of turning salt water into drinking
water.
• Standard filters do not work on
virus cells.
• A filter only a few nanometers in
diameter is currently being
developed that should be capable of
removing virus cells from water.
NANO-TECHNOLOGIES
FOR ENVIRONMENT
CLEAN UP
 1. IRON NANO PARTICALS

• "The use of nano-sized particles of

iron for cleaning up contaminants in
groundwater, soil and sediments is
one of the hottest new technologies
to emerge in recent years.
Nano iron
particle
clusters
viewed by
transmission
electron
microscopy
• Two leading types of nanoparticle-
sized iron that are being promoted
by others for groundwater
remediation.
• They measured how fast these
particles degrade carbon
tetrachloride and they determined
the major projects of the reaction.
• Carbon tetrachloride is a
manufactured chemical used mainly
in cleaning fluids and degreasing
agents.
• In a few locations, spills of these
liquids infiltrated the soil and
created very large areas of
contaminated groundwater and soil.
• Carbon tetrachloride is a toxic
chemical that has been shown to
cause cancer in animals.
• One of the nano-irons studied, a
commercially available product of
iron oxide with a magnetite shell
high in sulfur, quickly and
effectively degraded carbon
tetrachloride to a mixture of
relatively harmless products.
• This was an exciting find because it
may provide the basis for effective
remediation of real field sites with
groundwater that is contaminated
with carbon tetrachloride.
• The other nano-iron studied has a
shell, or coating, high in oxidized
boron. While the oxide-coated iron
also rapidly degraded the carbon
tetrachloride.
 2. NANO BATONS
• New technologies for cleaning up oil
spills and polluted groundwater.
• To encase oil drops.
• For delivering drugs.
• Tiny & stick-shaped particles of
metal and carbon can trap oil
droplets in water by spontaneously
assembling into bag-like sacs.
• The tiny particles were found to
assemble spontaneously by the tens
of millions into spherical sacs as
large as pellets around droplets of
oil in water.
• In addition,UV light and magnetic
fields could be used to flip the
nanoparticles.
FABRICATION OF NANO-
BATONS
The multisegmented nanowires
were made by connecting two
nanomaterials with different
properties, much like an eraser is
attached to the end of a wooden
pencil.
1. With carbon nanotubes -hollow tubes
of pure carbon. Atop the nanotubes,
they added short segments of gold.
by adding various other segments
like sections of nickel or other
materials can create truly
multifunctional nanostructures.
 PRINCIPLE

• The tendency of these nanobatons to assemble in

water-oil mixtures derives from basic chemistry.
• The gold end of the wire is water-loving, or hydrophilic,
while the carbon end is water-averse, or hydrophobic.
• The thin, water-tight sacs that surround all living cells
are formed by interlocking arrangements of hydrophilic
and hydrophobic chemicals, and the sac-like structures
created in the study are very similar.
• For oil droplets suspended in water,
the spheres give off a light yellow
color because of the exposed gold
ends.
• With water droplets, we observe a
dark sphere due to the protruding
black nanotubes.
 3. SMART DUST
• "The core of the nanotechnology
revolution lies in designing inorganic
nanoparticles that can self-
assemble into larger structures like
a 'smart dust' that performs
different functions in the world –
for cleaning up pollution.
 4.NANO WIRE PAPER

• The nanowire paper could also

impact filtering and the purification
of water,
• The membrane that can absorb up
to 20 times its weight in oil, and
can be recycled many times for
future use. The oil itself can also
be recovered.
• Made of potassium manganese oxide, the
nanowires are stable at high temperatures.
As a result, oil within a loaded membrane can
be removed by heating above the boiling point
of oil.
• The oil evaporates, and can be condensed
back into a liquid. The membrane--and oil--
can be used again.
 FABRICATION
• The membrane is created by the
same general technique as its low-
tech cousin, paper & a suspension
of nanowire, like a suspension of
cellulose [the key component of
paper], dry it on a non-sticking
plate, and we get pretty much
nanowire paper.
References