QUAN TRC SINH HC CC THY VC PHC V MC CH THY LI XY DNG

CH TH SINH HC TO CT NH GI CHT LNG NC

(BIOMONITORING IRIGATION WATER TO CONSTRUCT DIATOM BIOINDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT)
Gio vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Th Thu H
Sinh vin thc hin:
Th Mai
Pham Vn Khoa
Nguyn Th Ngoan
Quach Th Lng
Nguyn Vn Sang
Phng php nghin cu

Tm tt
Xy dng chi thi sinh hoc anh gia cht lng nc, c bit cac thuy
vc phuc vu muc ich thuy li la mt hng mi ang c cac nha
khoa hoc quan tm. Nghin cu nay c tin hanh trn i tng tao
cat sng bam tai cac khu vc in hinh thuc h thng sng Bc
Hng Hai bng cac phng phap: ly mu, x l v bao quan mu;
phn tch thnh phn loi; anh gi cht lng nc s dung tao ct
va phng php x l s liu, anh gi kt qua. Nghin cu nn
mng cho vic s dung trc tip cc vt liu c sn trong t nhin
tin hnh anh gi tit kim chi ph v cng sc cho nhng nghin
cu trn i tng ny. Kt qua t l phn trm cc loi nhay cam,
chng chiu v trung tnh, kt qua chi s DAIpo cho thy cc gi tri
DAIpo tai 3 im nghin cu chi nm trong khoang nh hn 75 im,
dao ng trong khoang 30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh.
Thng qua vic so snh kt qua cht lng nc da vo tao ct v
kt qua thm tra thc t cht lng nc, chi s DAIpo c
Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s
dung trong muc ich thuy li nc ta.

1. t vn
Cht lng nc thu li ng vai tr quan trong trong
pht trin kinh t nc ta
anh gi cht lng nc hin chi xem xt cc yu t
vt l ho hoc
Thnh phn sinh vt trong mi trng ng vai tr
quan trong trong chi thi cht lng mi trng chi
thi sinh hoc mi trng
Phng php ly mu, phn tch ng vai tr quan
trong trong kha nng s dung cua mt chi thi sinh hoc.
Nghin cu ny t nn mng cho vic s dung thu
mu t nhin (quan trc sinh hoc)

c. Phng php nh gi cht lng nc s dng to ct:

Chi s DAIpo c xac inh bng mt trong hai cng thc:
Cch 1: DAIpo (1988) = 50 + (A - B)
Cch 2: DAIpo (1986) = 50 + (A + C - B)
Trong A, B, C ln lt la phn trm cac nhm nhay cam, chng chiu
hu c va trung tinh.
Bng 1: Thang anh gia mi quan h gia DAIpo v cht lng nc

i tng: Tao ct sng bm (benthic diatom),

Th nghim quan trc sinh hoc la chon nc thu li thuc h
thng Bc Hng Hai trn ia bn H Ni v Hng Yn:
Nhnh h thng sng Bc Hng Hai gm: oan sng Bc
Hng Hai t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan;
Mng tiu nng (cnh ng a Tn, Kiu K) v
Mng tiu su (cnh ng ng D, An Lac kt hp
nui c, vit v c nc thai sinh hoat).
Ni dung nghin cu:
Xc inh mc a dang tao ct sng bm tai ia bn
nghin cu
anh gi kha nng s dung tao ct lm chi thi sinh hoc
cht lng nc phuc vu muc ich nng nghip v
xut xy dng b chi thi sinh hoc tao ct cho cht lng
nc thu li.

Da vo mc chiu nhim hu c Asai v Watanabe (1995)

phn loai 95 loi tao thnh 3 nhm chnh l: Nhm nhay cam l A,
nhm chng chiu l B v nhm trung tnh l C.

anh gi cht lng nc bng QCVN 08:2008 i vi nc mt

muc ich thu li (ct B1).
d. Phng php x l s liu, nh gi kt qu
S dung cc phng php thng k c ban xy dng phng php
ng dung tao ct lm chi thi sinh hoc cht lng nc thu li.

3. Kt qu nghin cu

KX
C
B
A

Hnh 3: T l phn trm cac nhm to cat chia theo kh nng

chng chu nhim hu c
Theo cch 1, kt qua chi s DAIpo c tnh ton chi da vo phn
trm hai nhm chng chiu v nhay cam, kt qua gi tri DAIpo tai 3
im nghin cu chi nm trong khoang nh hn 75 im (c nguy c
nhim cao). Mc trung bnh gi tri DAIpo l 37,9% ng vi mc
cht lng nc nhim hu c nh (-Mesosaprobic).
Theo cch 2, DAIpo trung bnh l 64,8% ng vi mc cht lng
nc nhiu cht hu c (nhim bn hu c - -Oligosaprobic).
Bng 3. Gia tr ch s DAIpo tai 3 a im nghin cu trong thi
gian quan trc

3.1. Hin trng a dng sinh hc to ct ti khu vc

nghin cu
Xut hin 106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals (tao ct trung tm) v pennales
(tao ct lng chim), trong b centrals chi c ho thalassiosiraceae,
cn b pennales c cc ho eunotiaceae, achnanthesceae, naviculaceae,
nitzchiaceae
T l
nhm
loi

T
T l
l Achnantaceae
T l
nhm
nhm nhm loi
Eunotiaceae
loi
loi
tao cat
Naviculaceae

Cc loi u th xut hin trn 3 ia im nghin cu

Bng 2. Danh mc cac loi to cat u th
Loi u th bc 1

Loi u th bc 2

Tn
%
Tn
Sng Bc Hng Hi on t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan
21/2/2013
20/3/2013
18/4/2013
24/5/2013
7/8/2013
17/9/2013
19/11/2013

Navicula sp.-1
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Navicula sp.-1
Achnanthes exigua

26.20
38.77
29.60
14.15
19.21
34.69
64.84

Cyclotella meneghiniana
Navicula sp.-1
Nitzschia palea
Nitzschia perminuta
Nitzschia palea
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana

%
16.29
11.08
16.20
7.62
14.12
22.09
9.38

Mng tiu nng (khng nhn thi)

21/2/2013
20/3/2013
18/4/2013
24/5/2013
7/8/2013
17/9/2013
19/11/2013

Navicula subminuscula
Nitzschia palea
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Navicula atomus
Navicula subminuscula
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana

37.98
20.94
14.61
11.60
16.88
26.44
27.31

Nitzschia fonticola
Navicula sp.-1
Nitzschia frustulum
Navicula sp.-1
Achnanthes exigua
Amphora montana
Cymbella tumida

Mng nng
Cch 1
Cch 2
38,9
64,8
40,0
68,3
35,0
65,0
37,2
66,0
38,8
66,3
41,4
71,4
42,0
64,0
39,0
66,5

Mng su
Cch 1
Cch 2
42,4
68,2
35,2
61,1
35,7
66,7
43,6
70,2
35,1
63,5
39,7
69,2
31,3
53,1
37,6
64,6

Bng 4. Hin trang cht lng nc anh gia theo cac thng s ca
quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt

Nitzschiaceae

T l
Thalassiosiraceae
nhm
Other
loi
Hnh 1: th biu din t l s lng loi thuc v cac h
c tm thy trong thi gian quan trc

Ngy

Ngy
21/2/2013
20/3/2013
18/4/2013
24/5/2013
7/8/2013
17/9/2013
19/11/2013
Trung bnh

Sng Bc Hng Hi
Cch 1
Cch 2
36,4
59,1
40,6
67,2
40,5
72,6
41,4
74,1
38,2
68,4
35,1
60,8
28,1
40,6
37,2
63,3

12.40
15.29
14.11
9.57
11.58
19.73
26.33

a
Thi gian
pH Coliform
(MPN/100 ml)
im
DO BOD5
M1
6,47
5250
2,955 19,4
Thng 2
M2
6,26
6500
2,59 22,15
3/2013
M3
6,34
3050
2,725 21,2
M1
7,39
4900
4,545 12,95
Thng 4 M2
7,31
5450
4,41
13
5/2013
M3
7,10
8350
4,045 14,2
M1
6,735
7650
3,405 16,8
Thng 8 M2
6,735
5900
3,41
16,9
9/2013
M3
6,76
7650
3,455 16,6
M1
5,60
600
1,45
39,4
Thng
M2
6,08
6520
2,27
25,2
11/2013
M3
5,60
7500
1,45
39,4
QCVN 08:2008 B1 5,5-9
7500
2,00
15,0

COD
26,5
30,5
29
17,5
17,5
19
23
22,5
22,5
54
34
54
30

mg/l
N-NH4+ P-PO432,285
0,54
2,625
0,62
2,5
0,59
1,525
0,36
1,535
0,365
1,675
0,4
1,985
0,47
1,99
0,47
1,96
0,465
4,65
0,92
2,97
0,71
4,65
0,92
0,5
0,3

TSS
45,5
52,5
50
30,5
31
33,5
39,5
39,5
39
93
59
93
50

Kt qua anh gi cht lng nc da vo chi s DAIpo c

Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp hn vi quy chun k
thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt cua Vit Nam. Thm vo
din bin cht lng nc theo chi s DAIpo chi ra: ma ma cht
lng nc tt hn ma kh ng thi mng nhn thai c cht lng
nc xu hn mc d chnh lch trong nghin cu ny khng ang k.

4. Kt lun v kin ngh

Mng tiu su (c nhn thi)

Phng php nghin cu

21/2/2013
20/3/2013
18/4/2013

a. Phng php ly mu, x l v bo qun mu

24/5/2013
7/8/2013
17/9/2013
19/11/2013

Thu
mu

Thc vt tri ni
Vt cht ngoai lai
V c

X l
mu

Chuyn vao dung dich

Lam tiu ban

Bao
quan

4 oC

Mu ti: formon,

3.2. Phn hng cht lng nc theo ch s sinh hc to

ct sng bm

BOD5 (mg/l)
Mc hoi sinh
10
Polysaprobic nhim hu c nng
5 10
-Mesosaprobic nhim hu c trung binh
2,5 5
-Mesosaprobic nhim hu c nh
1,25 2,5
-Oligosaprobic - xut hin nhiu cht hu c
0,625 1,25
-Oligosaprobic - cht hu c dang vt
0,625
Xenosaprobic - nc sach
Ngun: Watanabe v Asai, 1986, 1988 v 1991

DAIpo
0 15
15 30
30 50
50 75
70 85
85 100

T l
nhm
loi

2.i tng, ni dung nghin cu

3. Kt qu nghin cu

Cyclotella meneghiniana
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Nitzschia palea
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Navicula sp.-1
Nitzschia palea
Cyclotella meneghiniana
Navicula subminuscula

28.30
55.37
12.21
21.63
21.63
30.78
25.51
57.64

Amphora montana
Amphora montana
Nitzschia frustulum

18.11
13.28
10.79

Nitzschia palea

8.23

Nitzschia fonticola
Nitzschia palea
Nitzschia palea

11.77
10.29
12.63

Nghin cu tm ra 106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals v pennales, trong

b centrals chi c ho thalassiosiraceae, cn b pennales c cc ho
eunotiaceae, achnanthesceae, naviculaceae v nitzchiaceae.Tai 3 ia
im nghin cu c 12 loi u th trong Cyclotella meneghiniana
l loi c ti l ln tai nhiu im. Kt qua gi tri chi s DAIpo tai 3
im nghin cu chi nm trong khoang nh hn 75 im, dao ng
trong khoang 30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh. Thng
qua vic so snh kt qua cht lng nc da vo tao ct v kt qua
thm tra thc t cht lng nc, chi s DAIpo c Watanabe v
Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s dung trong muc
ich thuy li nc ta.

Ti liu tham kho

1.

b. Phng php phn tch thnh phn loi

Phn tich tiu ban bng kinh hin vi 100x
Hng dn cua APHA, 10300 muc D
Tiu chi phn loai:
Hnh dang (toan b v, u v, rnh, vn)
Kich thc cua v (chiu dai, chiu rng va mt vn)
Cn c vao sach phn loai tao cat nc ngot cua Nht Ban

2.

Hnh 2. Mt s loi to cat u th trn a bn nghin cu 2013

Phng php ly mu trn cc vt cht t nhin cho kt qua a dang
hn. Tuy s lng thnh phn loi khc bit ang k (ln hn 27,7%)
nhng thnh phn loi u th khng thay i (so vi nghin cu cua
oan Thi Hoa Huyn (2008), Nguyn Thi Thu H v nnk (2012) ly
mu bng by tao). Do vy c th nhn inh rng phng php ny c
tim nng tt hn trong anh gi a dang sinh hoc tao ct.

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

American Public Health Associations (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and
Water Pollution Control Federation (APCF) (1992), Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater, 18th edition, APHA, Washington, D.C.
Asai K. (1995), Statistic classification of epilithic diatom species into three ecological groups
relating to organic water pollution. Method with coexistence index, The Japanese Journal of
Diatomology, 10, pp. 11-32.
Asai K., Watanabe T. (1995), Statistic classification of epilithic diatom species into three
ecological groups relating to organic water pollution. Saprophilous and saproxenous taxa, The
Japanese Journal of Diatomology, 10, pp. 35-52.
Danh mc to ct nc ngt, sch chuyn khao (ting Nht)
Nguyn Thi Thu H, H Thi Thy Hng, Trinh Quang Huy (2012), S dung tao ct lm chi thi
sinh hoc cht lng nc h thng knh mng thuy li huyn Gia Lm, H Ni, K yu Hi
tho khoa hc.
oan Thi Hoa Huyn (2009), nh hng ca cht lng nc ti a dang to ct v ng
dng trong xy dng ch th sinh hc anh gi cht lng nc dng trong nng nghip, kha
lun tt nghip.
L Vn Khoa, Nguyn Xun Qunh, Nguyn Quc Vit (2007), Ch th sinh hc mi trng. Nh
xut ban gio duc.