Subpart S - Electrical (1910.

301 - 399)
Live parts
303(g)(2)(i)
515

Sta"#ar#) 1910.

&!"#uct!rs e"teri"g cabi"ets'b!%es'fitti"gs pr!tecte# fr!( abrasi!"

305(b)(1)
457

r!u"#i"g pat$
304(f)(4)
396

Electrical b!% c!vers

305(b)(2)
347

*se !f fle%ible c!r#s a"# cables

305(g)(1)(iii)
290

+,verage "u(ber !f -e#eral .S/, citati!"s issue# bet0ee" 2000 a"# 2003 2

DEFINITION
A physical agency caused by the motion of electrons, protons, and other charged particles, manifesting itself as an attraction, repulsion, magnetic, luminous, and heating effects, etc.

ELE ENT! " ATO !

E#ery $no%n substance & solid, li'uid or gas is composed of elements An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element Each element has it(s o%n $ind of atom

ATO !
Inner part composed of protons " neutrons Outer part composed of electrons )rotons * positi#e charge Neutrons * no charge Electrons * negati#e charge

ATO !
Each element has a definite number of electrons ++++and the same number of protons They are oppositely charged and therefore attract each other. This tends to hold the electrons in orbit around the atom.

ELE,T-I,ALL. /ALAN,ED ATO

F-EE ELE,T-ON!
!ome atoms are easily mo#ed out of orbit The ability to mo#e or flo% is the basis of current electricity If channeled in a gi#en direction, a flo% of electrons occurs +++ %hen flo%ed through a conductor it is #1"a(ic electricit1

ELE,TI,AL

ATE-IAL!

,OND0,TO- & contains many free electrons +++ gold, copper, sil#er, aluminum IN!0LATO- & contains fe% free electrons+0sually non+metallic such as %ood, rubber, glass, etc

1ENE-ATIN1 ELE,T-I,IT.
Friction, pressure, heat, light, chemical reaction, and magnetism agnetism is most practical " ine2pensi#e method Electricity is produced %hen a magnet is mo#ed past a piece of %ire, or %ire is mo#ed through a magnetic field

3OLTA1E, ,0--ENT, " -E!I!TAN,E

3OLTA1E & unit of measurement of electromoti#e force 4E F5 ,0--ENT + ,ontinuous mo#ement of electrons past a gi#en point. 4measured in amperes5 -E!I!TAN,E & Opposition to mo#ement of electrons. a$es it possible to generate heat, control current flo%, " supply correct #oltage to de#ices

O6 (! LA7
1eorge !imon Ohm

Formulated a mathematical relationship bet%een8

,urrent 3oltage -esistance

-esistance * Impedance
-esistance * D, Impedance * A, Interchangeable &

ost /ranch circuits

DI-E,T ,0--ENT
Al%ays flo%s in one direction 0sed to charge batteries, run some motors, operate magnetic lifting de#ices and %elding e'uipment.

ALTE-NATIN1 ,0---ENT
ore common in electrical %or$ ,hanges rapidly in both direction and #alue )o%er companies produce po%er cheaper %ith alternating current

ELE,T-I,AL 6A9A-D!
S/.&2. Electric s$!c3 !ccurs 0$e" t$e $u(a" b!#1 bec!(es part !f t$e pat$ t$r!ug$ 0$ic$ curre"t fl!0s. 4$e #irect result ca" be electr!cuti!". 4$e i"#irect result ca" be i"5ur1 resulti"g fr!( a fall !r (!ve(e"t i"t! (ac$i"er1 because !f a s$!c3

ELE,T-I,AL 6A9A-D!
6*78S. 6ur"s ca" result 0$e" a pers!" t!uc$es electrical 0iri"g !r e9uip(e"t t$at is e"ergi:e#. ,7&-6L,S4. ,rc-blasts !ccur fr!( $ig$a(perage curre"ts arci"g t$r!ug$ t$e air. 4$is ca" be cause# b1 acci#e"tal c!"tact 0it$ e"ergi:e# c!(p!"e"ts !r e9uip(e"t failure.

Arc Flash and Arc /lasts

Arc Flash8

Arc /last8

:;<+/urns due to ignition of clothing Temperature+=>,;;; F Fatal /urns+?; ft. @;;; people hospitaliAed %ith burns olten metal

)ressure 7a#e 6eat olten metal Destruction of structures and life

Arc /last
,ause

!hort ,ircuit caused by %or$ing on energiAed e'uipment

Dropped Tool

Occurs in milliseconds Temp8 =;,;;; degrees Air e2pands #ery #iolently

?> tons of pressure

ELE,T-I,AL 6A9A-D!
,7&-6L,S4. 4$e t$ree pri(ar1 $a:ar#s ass!ciate# 0it$ a" arc-blast are) 4$er(al ra#iati!". ;ressure <ave. ;r!5ectiles.

ELE,T-I,AL 6A9A-D!
E=;L.S>.8S. E%pl!si!"s !ccur 0$e" electricit1 pr!vi#es a s!urce !f ig"iti!" f!r a" e%pl!sive (i%ture i" t$e at(!sp$ere.

ELE,T-I,AL 6A9A-D!
->7ES. Electricit1 is !"e !f t$e (!st c!((!" causes !f fires b!t$ i" t$e $!(e a"# i" t$e 0!r3place. ?efective !r (isuse# electrical e9uip(e"t is a (a5!r cause.

EFFE,T! ON T6E 60 AN /OD.

?epe"#s !") &urre"t a"# @!ltage 7esista"ce ;at$ t$r!ug$ b!#1 ?urati!" !f s$!c3

Effects of A, Electricity
ore than = mA+ )ainful shoc$+ cause indirect accident ore than ?; mA+ uscle contraction & BNo Let 1oC danger ore than =; mA+ Lung paralysis, usually temporary

Effects of A, Electricity
ore than >; mA+ 3entricular fibrillation, usually fatal ?;; mA to D A+ ,ertain #entricular fibrillation, fatal O#er D A+ 6eart paralysis, se#ere burns

Effects
)rotection

,ircuit /rea$ers Fuses ?> or @; amps )ropertyEe'uipment protection

,onductors
American 7ire 1auge

?@ gauge & @; amps 4!afely5 ?D gauge & ?> amps ?; gauge & =; amps

7hat determines amount of amps through a circuitF

6o% much the e'uipment dra%s 6o% much BstuffC plugged in

>#e"tificati!"A Splices a"# 4er(i"ati!"s

Fle2ible cords shall only be used in continuous lengths, no taps or splices

?a(age# c!r# i(pr!perl1 repaire#

>#e"tificati!"A Splices a"# 4er(i"ati!"s

Fle2ible cords shall be connected to de#ices and fittings so that strain relief is pro#ided %hich %ill pre#ent pull from being directly transmitted to Goints or terminal scre%s

1910.305 (g)(2)(ii)
Fle2ible cords shall be used only in continuous lengths %ithout splice or tap. 6ard ser#ice fle2ible cords No. ?@ or larger may be repaired if spliced so that the splice retains the insulation, outer sheath properties, and usage characteristics of the cord being spliced.
Note8 The National Electric ,ode allo%s splice in ?D gauge or greater %ire

1910.331 Sc!pe
,o#ers8

Qualified persons 4those %ho ha#e training in a#oiding the electrical haAards Unqualified persons 4those %ith little or no such training5 )remises %iring 7iring for connection to supply Other %iring

7or$ing on or near the follo%ing8

1910.332 4rai"i"g
!cope8

The training re'uirements contained in this section apply to employees %ho face a ris$ of electric shoc$ that is not reduced to a safe le#el by the electrical installation re'uirements of ?H?;.=;= through ?H?;.=;:

Employees shall be trained in and familiar %ith the safety+related %or$ practices re'uired by ?H?;.==? through ?H?;.==> that pertain to their respecti#e Gob assignments

-!!t"!te t! 4able S-4

4?5 7or$ers in these groups do not need to be trained if their %or$ or the %or$ of those they super#ise does not bring them or their employees close enough to e2posed parts of electric circuits operating at >; #olts or more to ground for a haAard to e2ist.

1910.332 4rai"i"g
4b54=5 Qualified persons: 4i.e. those permitted to %or$ on or near e2posed energiAed parts5 shall, at a minimum, be trained in and familiar %ith the follo%ing8

4i5 The s$ills and techni'ues necessary to #isti"guis$ e%p!se# live parts from other parts of electric e'uipment 4ii5 The s$ills and techni'ues necessary to #eter(i"e t$e "!(i"al v!ltage of e2posed li#e parts 4iii5 The cleara"ce #ista"ces specified in ?H?;.===4c5

1910.333 (a)(1) ?ee"ergi:e# parts

Li#e parts to %hich an employee may be e2posed shall be deenergiAed before the employee %or$s on or near them8

0nless the employer can demonstrate that deenergiAing introduces additional or increased haAards or is infeasible Li#e parts that operate at less than >; #olts to ground need not be deenergiAed if there %ill be no increased e2posure to electrical burns or to e2plosion due to electric arcs

1910.333(b) <!r3i"g !" !r "ear e%p!se# #ee"ergi:e# parts

4?5 ,onductors and parts of electric e'uipment that ha#e been deenergiAed but ha#e not been loc$ed out or tagged in accordance %ith paragraph 4b5 of this section shall be treated as energiAed parts

1910.333(c)(4) >llu(i"ati!"
Employees may not enter spaces containing e2posed energiAed parts, unless illumination is pro#ided that enables the employees to perform the %or$ safely

1910.333(c)(4) >llu(i"ati!" Employees may not reach blindly into areas %hich may contain energiAed parts.

1910.333(c)(7) ;!rtable la##ers

)ortable ladders shall ha#e nonconducti#e siderails if they are used %here the employee or the ladder could contact e2posed energiAed parts

1910.333(c)(B) &!"#uctive apparel

,onducti#e articles of Ge%elry and clothing 4such a %atch bands, bracelets, rings, $ey chains, nec$laces, etc...5 may not be %orn if they might contact e2posed energiAed parts

1910.334 *se !f e9uip(e"t

)ortable e'uipment shall be handled in a manner %hich %ill not cause damage Fle2ible electric cords connected to e'uipment may not be used for raising or lo%ering the e'uipment Fle2ible cords may not be fastened %ith staples or other%ise hung in such a fashion as could damage the outer Gac$et or insulation

1910.334 (a)(2)(i) *se !f e9uip(e"t

)ortable cord and plug connected e'uipment and fle2ible cord sets 4e2tension cords5 visually inspected before use for external defects 4such as loose parts, or damage to outer Gac$et or insulation5 and for e#idence of possible internal damage 4pinched or crushed outer Gac$et5 E2tension cords %hich remain connected once they are put in place and are not e2posed to damage need not be #isually inspected until they are relocated

1910.334 *se !f e9uip(e"t

A fle2ible cord used %ith grounding type e'uipment shall contain an e'uipment grounding conductor Attachment plugs and receptacles may not be connected or altered in a manner %hich %ould pre#ent proper continuity of the e'uipment grounding conductor at the point %here plugs are attached to receptacles

1910.334 (c)(1) *se

Only 9ualifie# pers!"s may perform testing %or$ on electric circuits or e'uipment

1910.334 *se !f e9uip(e"t

4c54@5I3isual inspection.I Test instruments and e'uipment and all associated test leads, cables, po%er cords, probes, and connectors shall be #isually inspected for e2ternal defects and damage before the e'uipment is used. If there is a defect or e#idence of damage that might e2pose an employee to inGury, the defecti#e or damaged item shall be remo#ed from ser#ice, and no employee may use it until repairs and tests necessary to render the e'uipment safe ha#e been made.

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4a54?5Employees %or$ing in areas %here there are potential electrical haAards shall be pro#ided %ith, and shall use, electrical protecti#e e'uipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the %or$ to be performed

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4a54?54ii5)rotecti#e e'uipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition and shall be periodically inspected or tested, as re'uired by ?H?;.?=J K

+1910.137 Electrical pr!tective e9uip(e"t

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4a54@54i57hen %or$ing near e2posed energiAed conductors or circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools or handling e'uipment if the tools or handling e'uipment might ma$e contact %ith such conductors or parts

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4b5The follo%ing alerting techni'ues shall be used to %arn and protect employees from haAards %hich could cause inGury due to electric shoc$, burns, or failure of electric e'uipment parts8

!afety signs and tags /arricades Attendants

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4b54?5!afety signs, safety symbols, or accident pre#ention tags shall be used %here necessary to %arn employees about electrical haAards %hich may endanger them, as re'uired by ?H?;.?D>

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

4b54@5/arricades shall be used in conGunction %ith safety signs %here it is necessary to pre#ent or limit employee access to %or$ areas e2posing employees to uninsulated energiAed conductors or circuit parts

1910.335 Safeguar#s f!r pers!""el pr!tecti!"

If signs and barricades do not pro#ide sufficient %arning and protection from electrical haAards, an attendant shall be stationed to %arn and protect employees