In the name of ALLAH The Most Gracious The Most Merciful, Whose Help We Solicit

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Where we stand in this organization

Manager Maintenance Chief Engineer Mechanical Chief Engineer Instrument Chief Engineer Electrical

Group Head Analyzer & FAS Gohar Waheed Khan

Group Head Utilities & Offsite

Group Head Process

Group Head Controls

Area Engineer Jamshaid Iqbal

Analyzer System Zameer Ahmed Khalid Jamali

Fire Alarm System Muhammad Akram Syed Muzammil

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Fire detection system can significantly reduce property damage, personal injuries, and loss of life from fire in the workplace. Their main function is to quickly identify a

developing fire and alert fire personnel before extensive

damage occurs. Fire detection systems does this by using electronic sensors to detect the smoke, heat, or flames from

a fire and providing an early warning.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Danger Management System (DMS) Fire Alarm Panels (FAP) Gas Detection Panel (GDP) Detection Elements Fire Suppression System (DVs & FM-200)

DANGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DMS)

MM8000 MP 4.50 (Siemens) Two Stand alone systems at MCR 1) Fire Station 2) CR-1

DANGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DMS)

Directly connected to the cerloop Centrally monitored the fire alarm system Manage history of Alarm/Fault events Control some configuration parameters of
fire alarm panel (FAP)

HOW DO FIRE DETECTORS WORKS?

Fire detectors work by sensing one or more products of fire. The three most common detectors are: Smoke Detector Heat Detector Flame Detector

SMOKE DETECTORS
Smoke detectors detects smoke particles from combustion.

The two main types are Ionization detectors and

Photoelectric detectors. IONIZATION DETECTOR The ionization detector contains a small radioactive source that is used to charge the air inside a small chamber. The charged air allows a small current to cross through the chamber and complete an electrical circuit.

When smoke enters the chamber, it

shields the radiation, which stops the current and triggers an alarm.

These detectors respond quickly to very

small smoke particles (even those invisible to the naked eye) from flaming or very hot fires, but may respond very slowly to the dense smoke associated with smoldering or low-temperature fires.

 PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR
In a photoelectric smoke detector, a light source and light sensor are arranged so that the rays from the light source do not hit the light sensor. When smoke particles enter the light path, some of the light is scattered and redirected onto the sensor, causing the detector to activate an alarm. These detectors react quickly to visible smoke particles from smoldering fires, but are less sensitive to the smaller particles associated with flaming or very hot fires.

HEAT DETECTOR
Heat detectors are normally used in environments where dense smoke is produced. Heat detectors may be less sensitive, but are more appropriate than a

smoke detector in these environments.

The most common heat detectors either react to a broad temperature change or a predetermined fixed temperature.

Heat detectors use a set of temperature-sensitive resistors called thermistors that decrease in resistance

as the temperature rises. One thermistor

is sealed and protected from the surrounding temperature while the other is exposed. A sharp increase in temperature reduces the resistance in the exposed thermistor, which allows a large current to activate the detector's alarm.

FLAME DETECTOR
Flame detectors are line-of-sight devices that look for specific types of light (infrared, visible, ultraviolet) emitted by flames during combustion. When the detector recognizes this light from a fire, it sends a signal to activate an alarm.

FLAME DETECTOR (UV / IR)

Manufacturer: Model: SHARP EYE 99-105l

DESCRIPTION:
It is designed to sense the occurrence of fire and flames and subsequently activate an alarm through a control circuit.

It uses advance digital signal processing to analyze the

dynamic characteristics of fire.

TECHNICAL FEATURES:
Detection range Up to 15m (50ft). Dual spectrum UV and IR radiation Multiple detection levels Warning, Alarm and Saturated Signal Solar blind

THE SENSING ELEMENTS:

The UV channel incorporates a special logic circuit that eliminates false alarms caused by solar radiation and other non-fire UV source.

IN MCR:
Total 35 Nos. of flame detectors are installed. 24 Nos. installed in Process Area 06 Nos. installed at LPG Product Tanks

03 Nos. installed at Truck Loading

01 No. installed at LPG Loading 01 No. At pig receiver

HIGH SENSITIVE SMOKE DETECTORS (HSSD)

MANUFECTURER: MODEL: KIDDE FIRE PROTECTION UNILASER 1000

IN MCR
This detection system is provided in CR-1 Under the floor & false ceiling CR-2 Under the floor

CR-3 Under the floor

CR-4 Under the floor CR-5 Under the floor & Above ceiling (VESDA)

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

MAKE PANELS DMS(DANGER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SYNOPTIC PANELS : SIEMENS CERBERUS : 19 : 02 : 19

MAIN SYNOPTIC PANEL

INDUSTRIAL PLC (MF7033) COMMUNICATION GATEWAYS (DCS)

: 03
: 01 : 02

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

The fire alarm system of our refinery
consists of 19 Fire Alarm Panels located in different buildings including control rooms, substations and other NONEPC buildings.

FAS - NETWORK
1. The network of the fire alarm system is Cerloop. This is a communication network based on ring topology with unidirectional communication under normal conditions.

Bus systems
I-Bus
internal data bus between individual modules in the control unit (line modules, control modules etc.) local data bus between control unit(s), control console(s) and Gateway(s) local detector bus; connects the detectors to the control unit local data bus for text display and control terminals, mimic display converter and LON I/O card

C-Bus

D-Bus (or collective detection line) LON-Bus

Data Bus

local data bus for parallel indicator panel, synoptic panel

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM NETWORK LOOP

FAS NETWORK NODES

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION QTY
Fire Alarm Panels 19

MM 8000
Danger Management System Industrial Plc (MF7033) FAS DCS Communication Gateways

02
01 02

FAS NETWORK RELIABILITY

It is a redundant system in a sense that if
network breaks at some location then communication becomes bi-directional. In this case network works on bus topology and communication remains intact. However if network breaks on two locations then only those nodes that are between the breaks will be out of network. Rest of the network will remain healthy.

X X

FAS DETECTORS LOOP

Like Cerloop the Detector loop is also
a communication loop and is based on ring topology. Its reliability is same as discussed for Cerloop.

D - LOOP ELEMENTS
Smoke & Heat Detectors Manual Call Points UV/IR Flame Detectors I/O Cards (FM200,HSSD & HVAC SYSTEM)

FAS FIRE DETECTORS

Inside buildings there are smoke and heat
detectors installed which are intelligent devices. These are connected through Detector bus which has same characteristics like CERLOOP. The areas most susceptible to fire like installation of motors etc. are covered by UV/IR flame detectors. High sensitivity smoke detectors are installed in locations where extensive cabling is present like under floor and above ceiling of control rooms.

FAS LOGICAL DIVISION

Area Section Zone Element
ZONE SECTION

AREA

ZONE 'manual call point'

Geographical/logical combination of
manual call point elements. Alarm decision depends on 1 element. One evaluation stage:
ALARM (-> no stage WARNING)

FAS MANUAL CALL POINTS

In open areas (like tankage and refinery
gates) where installation of heat and smoke detectors are not possible, there manual call points MAC are installed. Any person seeing fire in its surroundings can call fire personnel by operating these call points.

GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

System 57 (Honeywell) Number of Gas Detection Panels at MCR: 05

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Control Card Field Interface & Relay Card Engineering Card DC Input Card AC to DC Power Supply

Control Card
Provide control, display & alarm

facilities for connected gas detector Two types of control cards Single channel control card 4-20mA Single channel control card catalytic Each of the above control cards consist of a single channel control card fitted with the respective plug-in sensor drive module.

Field Interface or Relay Card

The Field Interface/Relay Card
provide the interface between a Single Channel Control Card and the field connected gas sensor. Relay Card provide alarm output to the field connection.

Engineering Card
Provide common interface to
System57 rack (RS232 External Engineering Interface) Routing of the 24V dc input from the DC Input Card to the backplane of the rack. Time & Date reference

Engineering Card
Enables the user to perform all the
Catalytic sensor head current monitoring and

required functions to commission and operate each fitted control card.

adjustment. Alarm set point checking, adjustment and testing. Sensor signal zero adjustment. Sensor signal span adjustment and setting of sensor life monitoring values. Sensor line monitoring. Enabling of control card alarm inhibit.

HYDROCARBON DETECTORS
There are two types of Hydrocarbon Detectors. Infrared Open Path Hydrocarbon Detector.

Catalytic Hydrocarbon Detector.

OPEN PATH INFRARED HYDROCARBON GAS DETECTORS

Model: Manufacturer: SEARCHLINE EXCEL ZELLWEGER ANALYTICS LIMITED. An open path hydrocarbon gas detection system transmits an infrared beam from a source to a receiver unit up to 200m. These detectors are calibrated on methane Alarm Settings: 1. HIGH at 1% of hydrocarbon concentration 2. HIGH HIGH at 2.5 % of hydrocarbon concentration 3. FAULT If a person or any object placed between the source and receiver (blocking the infrared beam) for 30 sec. it gives the fault indication, until the hindrance is present.

IN MCR:
There are total 35 Nos. Open path infrared

hydrocarbon detectors are installed.

31 Nos. in process area. 04 Nos. at LPG product tanks.

SOURCE AND RECEIVER OF SEARCHLINE EXCEL WITH INFRARED BEEM

CATALYTIC HYDROCARBON DETECTORS

Manufacturer: Model: Type: Zellweger Analytics Limited 780 SENSOR (SIEGER) High Temperature Sensor

The 780 high temp. sensor, is a hazardous area certified sensor for detection of combustible gases. Detection is via a single pair of catalytic beads, which provide reliable and stable monitoring. ALARM SETTINGS: 1. HIGH at 20 % of hydrocarbon concentration 2. HIGH HIGH at 50 % of hydrocarbon concentration

IN MCR:
Total 11 Nos. Catalytic hydrocarbon detectors are installed at following locations. 02 Nos. CR-1at air intake & outlet of HVAC 01 No. 01 No. 03 Nos. 01 No. 01 No. Analyzer house in area 400 connected to the CR-1 Analyzer house in CR-3 Truck loading at Gasoline Filling Points LPG Loading. LPG pumps at product storage tanks. 02 Nos. CR-3 at air intake & outlet of HVAC

FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

The Fire Suppression System in the MCR,
PARCO is organized by two major subsystems. These systems are:

FM 200 System Deluge Valve System

FM 200 SYSTEM
The system has been specially developed
by Kidde Fire Protection. FM200 chemically known as heptafluoropropane is the most viable alternative solution for the ozone depleting Halons

FM 200
This system is not designed for explosion
suppression. FM-200 system is designed to be suitable for the following classes of fire: Surface type wood or other cellulose material
Flammable liquids Electrical energized circuits & cables

FM 200 SYSTEM at MCR

FM 200 systems are installed at: 1. CR-1 and related Rack room 2. All the Substations (10) 3. Field Rack Room of DHDS 4. CR-5 and related Rack Room 5. IT Server Room (Refinery Buliding)

FM 200 SYSTEM OPERATION LOGIC

FM 200 SYSTEM INSTALATION NETWORK

DELUGE VALVE SYSTEM

Model: E-1 (Viking) There are total thirty four (34) deluge

valves installed at MCR. Thirty one (31) deluge valves are installed in Process Area. Seven (07) deluge valves in the truck loading area.

DELUGE VALVE SYSTEM

Totally floods an area with pressurized
water through a network of piping and open nozzles or sprinkler heads. When the deluge valve operates, sprinkling of fire water starts and alarm indication of its operation mode can be seen on the FAP, MM8000 and DCS.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Deluge valve consist of: Inlet chamber Outlet chamber Primary chamber Pressure operated relief valve Air Pressure Switch

OPERATION

TYPES OF DELUGE VALVE

The deluge valves are categorized in two
types, based on their actuation.

Automatically actuated deluge valve Semi-automatically actuated deluge valve

AUTOMATIC
Installed in process area at pumps. Fusible plug melts (at 74 deg C) Instrument air will be released creating a

pressure drop between air and water and the system is operated. Can be operated manually through ball valve (Locally).

SEMI-AUTOMATIC
Operate through fusible plug. Operate through solenoid operated valve
(SOV). Switches of SOVs are installed in control rooms. Can be operated manually through ball valve (Locally).

THENK YOU