Economic Considerations in Engineering Design

Recycling Issues with Material Usage

Factors Effective in Material Selection in Engineering Design

Design limiting material properties

Economic General Mechanical Cost Recyclability Density Elastic moduli Strength Hardness Fracture toughness / Fatigue Damping capacity Melting point / glass transition T Thermal conductivity / diffusivity / expansion Specific heat / shock resistance

Thermal

Electrical
Environmental

Conducting / non conducting

Corrosion / oxidation / wear

Economic Considerations
Economics of engineering a component / system depends on three factors:
component design material usage manufacturing costs.
Iterative Process--- Less the no. of iterations, less the cost.

Stages in Component/Product Designing

Conception Designing Material Selection Manufacturing Method

Based on Properties Cost Usually a family of materials is selected that satisfy the design constraints. Then comparisons are made on the basis of cost per unit. This cost also includes unavoidable material wastage during manufacturing stage.

Cost Included in Manufacturing

After design and material selection, it is up to manufacturing method to reduce the product cost. Usually manufacturing includes both primary stage and secondary stage. The cost considerations include the
capital on tooling maintenance cost labor repair costs material wastage.

More the number of manufacturing stages, higher will be the product cost. Inspection, assembly, and final packaging will add-on to the product cost.

Materials selection requires:

Design and identification of key material properties

Filtering
50,000-80,000 materials available new materials being developed all the time.

Case study of a Vacuum Cleaner:

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Age, Power, Weight and Cost of Vacuum Cleaners :

Cleaner Hand, 1900 Cylinder, 1950 Round, 1965 Cylinder, 1987 Material Wood, canvas Mild Steel Mild Steel polypropylene Power 50 W 300 W 450 W 800 W Weight 10 Kg 6 Kg 5.5 Kg 4 Kg Cost $270 $110 $100 $60

Material Life Cycle