Name :- Gopal kumar Branch :- Automobile To :- Er.

Rajesh kumar

CNG

What in CNG?

Typical component in cng vehicle

Production of CNG
Organic matter that is decomposed in the presence of heat. Organic matter thet is converted through the action of microorganism. Heavy hydrocarbon like oil that produce methane when heated. Coal that releases methane over yime by decomposition.

Properties
Formula= CH4 Molecular weight=16 Temperature=ambient for CNG Freezing point= -182C Boiling point= -162 C viscosity = 0.01 mPa-s @ 20C Latent heat of vaporization=510kj/kg Lower heating value=12000kj/L Flash point= -104C Auto ignition temperature=540 C Flammability limits=5-15 Stochiometric air to fuel ratio= 17.2 Flame visibility=visible in all condition Octane no.=120

CNG storage
Stored at 200-bar in stainless steel cylinder(cascade). Follow Indian gas cylinder rule 2004 ASME(American Society of Mechanical Engineers) pressure vessel code. ASME preferred as larger in volume and minimize the the amount of high pressure.

Piping for CNG

refueling facilities four time rated service pressure without failure stainless steel seamless tubing threaded and compression type fitting allowed not used in ground

CNG dispensing system

Slow fill Fast fill

CNG fuel kits

Trnasenergy Landy renzo Vialle Tartarini Tomasseto etc.

Stochiometric CNG engine

Turbocharger is not necessary to obtain sufficient power output. Lower requirements on the ignition system Low cycle to cycle variation Low methane emission Three way catalyst is sufficient

Lean burn CNG engines

Moderate exhaust emission NOx formation controlled during combustion High out output Thermal loading close to diesel operation Increased safety

Emission reduction

Reduces carbon monoxide emissions 90%97% Reduces carbon dioxide emissions 25% Reduces nitrogen oxide emissions 35%-60% Potentially reduces non-methane hydrocarbon emissions 50%-75% Emits fewer toxic and carcinogenic pollutants Emits little or no particulate matter Eliminates evaporative emissions

Advantages

CNG does not contain any lead, thereby eliminating fouling of spark plugs CNG-powered vehicles have lower maintenance costs than other hydrocarbon-fuel-powered vehicles. CNG fuel systems are sealed, preventing fuel losses from spills or evaporation. Increased life of lubricating oils, as CNG does not contaminate and dilute the crankcase oil. Being a gaseous fuel, CNG mixes easily and evenly in air. CNG is less likely to ignite on hot surfaces, since it has a high auto-ignition temperature (540 C), and a narrow range (515 percent) of flammability. Less pollution and more efficiency: CNG emits significantly fewer pollutants

Disadvantages
higher vehicle capital cost short driving range much heavier fuel tank poor lubricity causing increased wear inadequate and expensive infrastructure(distribution, storage, etc)

What is LPG ?

Liquefied petroleum gas Mixture of propane and butane Liquefies easily hence good for fuel

Production
LPG gas liquefies under a pressure of only 7 bars, therefore can fit a lot of energy in a small space. Tanks can be smaller and cheaper. Around 60% of the world supply of LPG comes from separation of natural gas, 40% is from refinery. Its supply is at least as secure as petrol and diesel. Certainly not less than 50 years

Properties of LPG
Formula= C3h8 Molecular weight=44.09 Density=0.5kg/L Freezing point= -187 C Boiling point= -42 C Vapor pressure=1303 kPa @ 38 C Specific heat=2.48 kj/kg-K Viscosity= 0.102m Pa-s Latent heat of vaporization=426kj/kg Lower heating value=23000kj/L Flash point= -104 C Auto ignition temperature= 57C

STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION

LPG vehicle tanks are constructed from carbon steel and 20 times more puncture resistant than a typical gasoline, methanol or ethanol tank. New LPG cylinders are manufactured with a device that shuts off the filling process when the tank reaches 80% of its liquid capacity, allowing for temperature changes in fuel volume without any release of gas

Dispensing of LPG

ENVIRONMENT
LPG is an outstanding fuel for vehicles that must comply with increasing emission requirements. This has enabled LPG to outscore conventional fuels and alternatives. Among the lowest life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of all commercially available fuels.
COMPARED TO GASOLINE, LPG YIELDS: 50% less CO 40% less CxHx 12% less CO2 35% less NOx 50% less ozone forming potential

SAFETY
LPG in this form is an especially safe for vehicle applications LPG engine fuel systems are fitted with safety valves which are automatic if fuel line ruptures. LPG is non-toxic, non poisonous and doesnt contaminate soil

LPG has lowest flammability of any alternative fuel.

LPG wont ignite with air unless ignition is at 940F. Gasoline needs only an ignition of 430F. If LPG leaks it doesnt puddle but evaporates

Advantages
No soot, burners have a longer life - so maintenance is low Effects of corrosion are greatly reduced Instantly controllable flame temperature Avoids Scaling and decarburizing of parts Environmentally friendly fuel, with minimal sulphur content and lowest black carbon emission Very high thermal efficiency Can be used for a variety of applications Clean Burning. Lowest CO2 emissions amongst all refined fuels

disadvantages

It isn't highly available The initial cost for converting your vehicle to LPG can cost up to $3000. However the average car can repay the cost of the conversion in about 2 years It has a lower energy density than petrol No new passenger cars come readily fitted with LPG (they have to be converted) The gas tank takes up a considerable amount of space in the car boot