05 Introduction To AutoCAD

MEMB113
05 Introduction to AutoCAD
adzly anuar 2001-2005
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Contents

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005
Overview & background Starting, interface & file system Basic drawing commands Basic editing commands View command
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Introduction
What is CAD? Computer Aided Design and Draughting (sometimes known as CADD) Generally, it is the use of computers in design and drawing processes Traditionally, technical drawing are made using manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and time consuming particularly for large complex drawing. CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and transmit original drawings has made it very important. Example of CAD software: AutoCAD, PRO/Engineer, IDEAS, UNIGRAPHICS, CATIA,SolidWorks, etc.
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
History of CAD
Charles Barbage (1883) - developed idea for computer. IC Chip Revolution => Micro-Computers and CAD. 1st CAD demon by Ivan Sutherland (1963) SKETCHPAD. A year later IBM produced the first commercial CAD system. Many changes has taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful computers. With these developments, it is now possible to do all the designs using CAD including twodimensional drawings, solid modeling, complex engineering analysis, production and manufacturing. New technologies are constantly invented which make this process quicker, more versatile and more powerful.
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Advantages of CAD
Easier Creation and Corrections - Working/detail drawings may be created more quickly and makings changes is more efficient than correcting drawings made by hand. Better Visualisation of drawings - Many systems allow different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view. Database of Drawing Aids - Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse. Increased Accuracy - Using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy. Improved Filing - Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape. Quick Design Analysis Simulation and Testing
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Computer System & Component

A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardware is various pieces of physical equipment that comprise a computer system. Software is the programs and instructions that permit the computer to operate. Software can be divided into two; application programs and operating system. The hardware for a CAD system consists of the physical devices used to support CAD software. The hardware system consist of: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Computer Operating System Display Devices Input Devices Output Devices
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
AutoCAD
Why use AutoCAD?

Wide of Use - 20,000 Installation World-wide 5 million user world wide 2 million student user world wide Excellent Intro. To CAD - Cost Effectiveness Sufficiently Complex Linked to Other Softwares - e.g. ANSYS, 3DStudio Max, etc. Customized Application using high level programming language Auto-LISP
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
AutoCAD
How AutoCAD is used?
Electronic Paper with Drawings and Editing Tools Analogous to Manual Drafting Valuable and More Efficient in Modifying Drawings. Object can be moved, copied, rotated, erased, redrawn, etc. Editing in AutoCAD is faster than in manual drawing. Drawing Layers to Enhance Drawing and Visibility. AutoCAD provides a set of drawing layer which is equivalent to the engineering layers on working drawings. Storage/database of Commonly used Object. Complex objects that are frequently used can be stored as symbol in the library. This would increase the productivity in the drafting work.
Starting, Interface & File system
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Starting with AutoCAD 2002
How to start Click icon [AutoCAD 2002], or select from START menu [Start]>Program>MDT 6>AutoCAD2002
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Starting screens
When AutoCAD is started, two windows will be opened AutoCAD 2002 and AutoCAD Today
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Starting screens
AutoCAD Today window used to open or create new drawings

Open drawing tab Create new drawing tab Option to Start from Scratch or from Template or Wizards
Unit
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AutoCAD main window
Pull down menu Icons/Toolbar
UCS (User coordinate system)
Drawing area
Cursor Model & layout tab
Command prompt area
Coordinate status
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Creating new drawing
To create new drawing: Template, Starting from scratch or Wizards Usually start from scratch In AutoCAD today window: Click on Create Drawings Tab In Select how to begin: box, select Start from Scratch Click on Metric
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Initialising (New Drawing)
Setting up drawing limit To define the drawing area and limit the grid display [menu] > Format > Drawing Limits In command box:
Setting up drawing unit [menu] > Format > Units Drawing Unit Window
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Initialising (New Drawing)

Setting up grid and snap Very useful tool, as a guide in drawing To activate: Click on button GRID or SNAP To modify the settings Right click on button GRID Select Settings
Without Grid
Showing Grid
Changing Grid and Snap setting
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Opening and saving

To open existing file [menu] >File>Open or press CTRL+O Or click Open Icon To save drawing [menu] >File >Save or press CTRL+S Or click Save Icon
Open Drawing Window
Save Drawing Window
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Printing
Can be done from model view or from layout view (paper space) From model view (Make sure in Model Tab) [Menu] > File > Plot or CTRL +P or click Plot Icon
Paper size
Drawing Orientation
Scale of printout/plot
Plot area
Preview
Basic editing & drawing commands
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Using this guide
Choosing an item from pull down menu [pd menu] Example: To draw straight line, [pd menu] >Design > Line Icon & button [icon item] or [button item] Example: To draw straight line click on [icon line] Type in command prompt command: command type here {enter} Example: To draw a straight line type in Command: line {enter} You just have to type in the word line and press the key Enter (on the keyboard) The command is not case sensitive
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Basic stuff
Definitions : Click Press once and release Also commonly used to refer to left-click Left-click Press left-mouse button (LMB) once and release Commonly used to pick or choose an item Right-click Press right-mouse button (RMB) once and release Commonly used to access pop-up menu Double-click Commonly referred to clicking left mouse button twice Click-and-drag Commonly referred to pressing left mouse button (and not releasing it) and move the mouse as required The left mouse button is released to finish the command
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Example
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Basic stuff
How to draw: using mouse, point and click in drawing area Type in coordinates in command prompt window When using the mouse Recommended to use snap and grid as guide Set snap and grid spacing accordingly
Command line Points typed Line drawn Type the points here Grid
Mouse Pointer
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing straight line
3 methods to execute the command By choosing [pd menu] > Draw > Line By clicking [icon Line] By typing in at command prompt command: line {enter} or command: L {enter} To draw a straight line Using mouse Using (typing) coordinate points
Line command
Line icon
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing straight line
Using a mouse Move the pointer to the desired location as start point Click Move the pointer to the second point, Click To end the line press Enter To continue, move the pointer to 3rd point, Click Continue as required Use snap and grid as guides 2nd point 3rd point
4th point
Start point
End point
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing straight line cont

Using coordinate points, 3 methods: Absolute coordinate Relative coordinate Polar
3rd point (4,4)

Absolute coordinate
2nd point (1,4)
4th point (2,2)
1st point (1,1) Origin (0,0)

Relative coordinate
5th point (4,1)
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Drawing straight line cont
Polar relative coordinate
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Drawing circle
Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value similar to drawing straight line To execute circle command [pd menu] > Draw > Circle > [icon circle] At command prompt command: circle {enter} or command: c {enter}
Pull-down menu Shortcut Icon
Circle command
Command prompt
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
3.2 Drawing circle cont

Methods to draw circles Center and radius Center and diameter Two points circle Three points circle Tan, tan, radius Tan, tan, tan
Center and radius [pd menu]
1. Center point (2,4)
2. Radius, 1.5
Command prompt:
Note: mouse can be used to place the center point and the radius of the circle
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing circle cont

Center and diameter [pd menu]
1. Center point (2,4)
Command prompt:
2. Diameter, 3
Two points [pd menu]
2. 2nd point (3.5,4)
1. 1st point (0.5,4)

Command prompt:
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing circle cont

3 points [pd menu]
1. 1st point (2,5.5) 2. 2nd point (2,2.5)
Command prompt:
3. 3rd point (3.5,4) 3. Radius (1.5) 1. 1st object (line) 2. 2nd object (line)
Tan tan radius [pd menu] Command prompt:

05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing circle cont
Tan tan tan [pd menu]
1. Select 1st line using mouse 2. Select 2nd line using mouse
3. Select 3rd line using mouse

Command prompt:
Note: these 3 lines must exist on the drawing area before the circle can be drawn
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing arc
Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value similar to drawing circle To execute arc command [pd menu] > Draw > Arc > [icon arc] At command prompt command: arc {enter} or command: a {enter}
Pull-down menu
Shortcut Icon
Arc shortcut icon

Command prompt
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing arc cont

Methods many ways, most used 3 points Start, center, end Start, center, angle Start, end, radius
3 points
[pd menu]
3. 3rd point (2,5)

Command prompt:
2. 2nd point (1,3.5) 1. 1st point (2,2)
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing arc cont

Start, center, end [pd menu]
3. End point (2,5) 2. Center point (2,3.5) 1. Start point (2,2)
Command prompt:
Start, center, angle

[pd menu]
3. Angle (90degree) 2. Center point (2,3.5)
Command prompt:
1. Start point (2,2)
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Drawing arc cont

Start, end, radius [pd menu]
3. Radius (1.5) 2. End point (3.5,3.5) 1. Start point (2,2)
Command prompt:
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Erasing/deleting & copy entity

Erasing or deleting entity using mouse (2) click the entity to be erased - the entity will become dotted with several blue square (3) press Delete key to delete multiple entities, click all that need to be deleted and press Delete key can also use the command prompt to delete command: erase {enter}
(1)
(2)
(3)
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...copy entity
To copy entity can execute command from [pd menu] > Modify > Copy type in command prompt command: copy {enter} select on entity/entities to be copied press Enter key after selecting entity/entities select base point select position of the entity to be placed selecting can be done by mouse or typing the coordinate of the entity (touching)
(1)
Command prompt:
(2)
(3)
(4)
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Moving entity
Moving entity/entities using [pd menu] > Modify > Move similar to copy entity
Command prompt:
using mouse select entity - it will become dotted with blue squares click on the blue square in the middle move your mouse to the desired location click to place the entity on the new location
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Scale / Resize
To scale or resize entity increase or reduce [pd menu] > Modify > Scale Or command: scale {enter} (2) Select entities to be scaled, press Enter (3) Select (click) base point, mouse can be used to scale the entities or type in scale factor at command prompt
Command prompt:
(1)
(2)
(3) (4)
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Line types and line thickness

The line type need to be loaded before it can be used [pd menu] > Format > Linetype Linetype Manager dialog box will be opened initially we only have one line type which is continuous click on [button Load] another dialog box is opened Load or Reload Linetypes
Line Types
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Line types...
Choose the types of lines to be loaded by clicking it from the list click [button OK] the selected line will be displayed in Linetype Manager
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Line types...
Line types and line thickness drop down list box
Before loading line types
After loading line types (DASHED)
Line thickness Select the required line type and line thickness Draw the line, arc, etc
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Magnification (Zoom)
Change the size of view, not size of object Useful to draw small feature, to view overall size, etc. Several options.. Commonly used Zoom window Zoom all Can be accessed from [pd menu] > View > Zoom [icon zoom] Command: zoom {enter}
Zoom window Zoom dynamic Zoom scale Zoom center Zoom in Zoom out Zoom all
Zoom realtime
Zoom extents
[pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime Or click [icon Zoom Realtime]
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Magnification (Zoom)cont
[pd menu] > View > Zoom >Window [icon Zoom Window] Command: z {enter}
Zoom window
Use mouse to specify the window (click on one corner, drag a rectangular window around the area to be zoom, click on the opposite corner)
After Before 1st click and drag the window
2nd click
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[pd menu] > View > Zoom > All [icon Zoom All] Command: z {enter} Command: a {enter}
Before After
Zoom all
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-
Zoom realtime
[pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime Pan realtime Or click [icon Zoom Realtime] Zoom realtime Cursor icon will change to magnifying Zoom window glass Press LMB, move mouse up to zoom Zoom previous in, Press LMB, move mouse down to zoom out Release LMB for the new view
Pan realtime
Click [icon Pan Realtime] Cursor icon change to hand Press LMB, move mouse to move view of screen Release mouse for the new view
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Pan cont
To move the view of the drawing around the screen - left, right, etc.. To access command [pd menu] > View > Pan > [icon pan] command: pan {enter} or command: p {enter} several options: most used - realtime others - left, right, up, down effect of pan similar to moving the scroll bar (horizontal & vertical) REDRAW refresh display, removing element such as markers left from editing commands REGEN refresh display, recalculate all coordinates
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing text
2 types Multiline text Single line text
Shortcut icon Text icon
From pull down menu
Single line text
Several ways
Type in at command prompt Command: text {enter} [pd menu] > Draw > Text > Single Line Text After executing the command Click in drawing area or type in coordinates for start point of the text Type in the height of the text Type in the rotation, if required Type in the text Pressing enter to go to the next line To end the command, press enter twice
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Drawing text cont
Multiline text Several ways 1st corner Type in at command prompt Command: mtext {enter} [pd menu] > Draw > Text > Multiline Text [Icon Multiline Text] To produce multiline text Opposite corner Activate the command Click on drawing area to specify the first corner, and click again to define the area where the text is to be drawn Multiline Text Editor window is displayed Type in the text in writing area, change its properties if required Click OK button to finish
Writing area
Font
Size
Bold
Italic
Underline
Colour Insert symbol
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Drawing text cont

Justify Width (box)
Properties tab
Rotation
Line spacing tab
Change line spacing
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Drawing aid: Object snap
Object snap or OSNAP Are functions to aid the drawing process, a very useful tool To snap on a geometric point on an object Can be turned off or on by clicking OSNAP button on status bar or press CTRL+F or F3 key When turned on, the cursor will jump or snap to the certain point on an object e.g. mid-point of a line or tangent of a circle Includes visual aid AutoSnap Several OSNAP modes available, can activate any number at a time Nearest
Endpoint Midpoint
Tangent Quadrant
Intersection
Center Extension Apparent Intersection
Node Insert Parallel
Perpendicular
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Object snap cont

OSNAP setting Right-click OSNAP button Drafting Setting dialog box turns up Can be used to turn on or off object snap modes Symbols indicated by each mode are shown in drawing with yellow marker
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Object snap cont
How to use: You need to have an object on drawing area Then you need to be in a drawing command, e.g. CIRCLE, LINE, ARC, etc. Hover the mouse over the existing object, Yellow marker shows up with tool tip Indicating what type of geometric point snap can be done
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
Example of OTRACK
05 INTRO TO AUTOCAD
Object snap modescont


Endpoint Snap to endpoint of the nearest entity, e.g. end of a line Midpoint Snap to the midpoint of an entity, e.g. midpoint of a straight line, or arc Center Snap to the center of entity such as circle, arc or ellipse Node Snap to the nearest point (entity) Quadrant Snap to the quarter position on the circumference of an arc, circle or ellipse Intersection Snap to the intersection of two entities Tangent Snap to the tangent of entities such as circle, arc or ellipse Nearest Snap to the nearest point on an entities Perpendicular Snap to the point perpendicular to an entity such as straight line
End of chapter [05]

05 Introduction To AutoCAD

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MEMB113

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Computer System & Component

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Starting, Interface & File system

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Starting with AutoCAD 2002

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

AutoCAD Today window used to open or create new drawings

adzly anuar 2001-2005

AutoCAD main window

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Pull down menu Icons/Toolbar

UCS (User coordinate system)

Cursor Model & layout tab

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Command prompt area

Creating new drawing

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Initialising (New Drawing)

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Initialising (New Drawing)

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Changing Grid and Snap setting

Opening and saving

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Open Drawing Window

Save Drawing Window

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Basic editing & drawing commands

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Using this guide

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

adzly anuar 2001-2005

Drawing straight line

MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005

Drawing straight line