Professional Documents
Culture Documents
%NIT V
HIGH VOLTAGE TE&TING O ELE'TRI'AL A,,ARAT%&
TE&T& O IN&%LATOR&
type test to check the design features routine test to check the quality of the individual test piece. High voltage tests include (i) Power frequency tests (ii) impulse tests
TE&T& O IN&%LATOR&
POWE ! E"#E$%& 'E('( (a) )ry and wet flashover tests* a.c voltage of power frequency is applied across the insulator and increased at a uniform rate of +, per second of -.,of ther estimated test voltage. /f the test is conducted under normal conditions without any rain 0dry flashover test. /f the test is conducted under normal conditions of rain 0wet flashover test (1) )ry and wet withstand tests(one minute) 'he test piece should withstand the specified voltage which is applied under dry or wet conditions.
/mpulse withstand voltage test /f the test o16ect has withstood the su1sequent applications of standard impulse voltage then it is passed the test /mpulse flashover test 'he average value 1etween 78, and 98, failure is taken:then the insulator surface should not 1e damaged. Pollution 'esting Pollution causes corrosion :deterioration of the material:partial discharges and radio interference.(alt fog test is done.
'E('/$; O! <#(H/$;(
Power frequency tests (a ) Power !actor=>oltage 'est >oltage is applied up to the line value in increasing steps and then reduced.'he capacitance and power factor are recorded in each step. (1) /nternal or Partial discharge 'est 'his id done 1y using internal or partial discharge arrangement. (c ) 2omentary Withstand 'est at Power frequency 'he 1ushing has to withstand the applied test voltage without flashover or puncture for ?8 sec. (d) One 2inute withstand 'est at Power !requency 'he 1ushing has to withstand the applied test voltage without flashover or puncture for @min. (d) >isi1le )ischarge 'est at Power !requency $o discharge should 1e visi1le when standard voltage is applied .
.
!ull wave Withstand 'est 'he 1ushing is tested for either polarity voltages:. consecutive full wave is applied: /f the test o16ect has withstood the su1sequent applications of standard impulse voltage then it is passed the test. %hopped Wave Withstand and (witching (urge 'ests /t is same as full wave withstand test 1ut it is done for high voltage 1ushings(++8 k> and 788 k>)
23
(&$'HE'/% 'E('( O$ %/ %#/' < E4BE 4$) /(O34'O (a) )irect testing in the $etworks or in the !ields
'his is done during period of limited energy consumption or when the electrical energy is diverted to other sections of the network which are not connected to the circuit under the test. ( 1) )irect 'esting in short %ircuit 'est 3a1oratories 4 make switch initiates the short circuit and the master c.1 isolates the test device from the source at the end of predetermine time setnon a test controller.
22
22
23
TE&TING O 'A$LE&
)ifferent tests on ca1les are (i) mechanical tests like 1ending test:dripping and drainage test: and fire resistance and corrosion tests (ii) 'hermal duty tests (iii) )ielectric power factor tests (iv) Power frequency withstand voltage tests (v) impulse withstand voltage tests (vi) Partial discharge test (vii) 3ife eApectancy tests
2-
(1)
/nduced Over voltage 'est /t is tested for overvoltages 1y eAciting the secondary from a high frequency a.c source(@88 to 788 HD) to a1out twice the rated voltage. Partial )ischarge 'ests /t is done to assess the discharge magnitudes and radio interference levels.
25
2/
20
23
3ong )uration /mpulse %urrent 'est Operating )uty %ycle 'est Other tests are (@) mechanical tests like porosity test:temperature cycle tests (+) pressure relief test (?) the voltage withstand test on the insulator housing of the insulator (7) the switching surge flashover test (.) the pollution test
22
IN&%LATION 'O7OR)INATION
4 gradation of system insulation and protective device operation is to 1e followed. (u1stations contain transformers and switchgear with non= self restoring insulation should 1e protected against flashover !or other apparatus which contain self restoring insulation may 1e allowed to flashover. 3ightning impulse withstand level known as <asic /nsulation 3evel(</3).>arious equipment and their component parts should have their </3 a1ove the system protective level 1y a margin which is determined with respect to air insulation.
22
IN&%LATION 'O7OR)INATION
!or higher system voltages:switching surges are of higher magnitude compared to the lightning over voltages. 'he flashover voltage of a protective device is chosen such that it will not operate for switching overvoltage and other power frequency and its harmonic overvoltages.</3 has to higher. !or EH> systems:(witching /mpulse 3evel((/3) should 1e assigned to each protective device.
23