EEE637 Modern Satelite Communication Case Study

Muhammed Nishad CC 13MCE0084

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In this project we show the performance of MIMO-OFDM system MIMO-OFDM system is very popular technique for mobile communication now a days .We compares its performance, with taking various numbers of Transmitting and Receiving antennas and various performance measures such as SNR, BER etc. MIMO-OFDM, BER, SNR

Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) antenna system

User data stream channel User data stream

Theoretically, the 1Gbps barrier can be achieved using this configuration if you are allowed to use much power and as much BW as you so please! Extensive research has been done on SISO under power and BW constraints. A combination a smart modulation, coding and multiplexing techniques have yielded good results but far from the 1Gbps barrier

Multiple i/p multiple o/p antenna array

Used to increase data rates, improve capacity and BER (bit error rate) of the system Diagram of a MIMO wireless transmission system. Typically used with OFDM so as to suit best needs in next generation comm. i.e. 4G
-

Use multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for a single user
1
1

User data stream

2 . . . . . MT

channel

2 . . . . . MR

User data stream

Now this system promises enormous data rates!

s1
User data stream . .

h1 1 h1 .2 . Channel Matrix H

y1
y2
. User data stream

s2

.
. sM

yM

s Transmitted vector

y = Hs + MT n
.. .. .. . ..

y Received vector

h11 hM1 h12 Where H = MR hM2 . h1M hMM

h21 h22 . h2M

hij is a Complex Gaussian random variable that models fading gain between the ith transmit and jth receive antenna

MIMO Systems can provide two types of gain

Spatial Multiplexing Gain Diversity Gain

Maximize transmission rate (optimistic approach) Use rich scattering/fading to your advantage

Minimize Pe (conservative approach) Go for Reliability / QoS etc Combat fading

If only I could have both! As expected, there is a tradeoff System designs are based on trying to achieve either goal or a little of both

Each pair of transmit-receive antennas provides a signal path from transmitter to receiver. By sending the SAME information through different paths, multiple independently-faded replicas of the data symbol can be obtained at the receiver end. Hence, more reliable reception is achieved A diversity gain d implies that in the high SNR region, my Pe decays at a rate of 1/SNRd as opposed to 1/SNR for a SISO system The maximal diversity gain dmax is the total number of independent signal paths that exist between the transmitter and receiver For an (MR,MT) system, the total number of signal paths is M RM T 1 d dmax= MRMT The higher my diversity gain, the lower my Pe

y = Hs + n y = Ds + n (through SVD on H) where D is a diagonal matrix that contains the eigenvalues of HHH

Viewing the MIMO received vector in a different but equivalent way, m CEP = log 2 [IM + (P/MT)DDH] = log 2 [1 + (P/MT)i] b/s/Hz Equivalent form tells us that an (MT,MR) MIMO channel opens up m = min (MT,MR) independent SISO channels between the transmitter and the receiver So, intuitively, I can send a maximum of m different information symbols over the channel at any given time
i 1

Transmission/reception scheme easy to implement Space diversity because of antenna transmission. Time diversity because of transmission over 2 symbol periods Consider (2, MR) system

Receiver uses combining and ML detection rs = 1

If you are working with a (2,2) system, stick with Alamouti! Widely used scheme: CDMA 2000, WCDMA and IEEE 802.16-2004 OFDM-256

V-BLAST SUC Alamouti

Definition The first OFDM schemes presented in 1966

Development of OFDM over years

Converts a frequency selective channel into a parallel collection of frequency flat sub channels Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing uses bandwidth efficiently Improves multipath fading issues Reduces the effect of ISI (inter-sub carrier interference) OFDM System block Diagram

It distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this technique which prevents the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own.

 Two conditions must be considered orthogonality between the subcarriers.

for

the

Each subcarrier has exactly an integer number of cycles in the FFT interval. The number of cycles between adjacent subcarriers differs by exactly one.

As the data rate increases in a multipath environment, the interference goes from flat fading to frequency selective (last reflected component arrives after symbol period). This results in heavy degradation Most popular solution to compensate for ISI: equalizers As we move to higher data rates (i.e.> 1 Mbps), equalizer complexity grows to level of complexity where the channel changes before you can compensate for it! Alternate solution: Multi-carrier Modulation (MCM) where channel is broken up into subbands such that the fading over each subchannel becomes flat thus eliminating the problem of ISI

Multi-carrier Modulation FDMA OFDM

Coupling MIMO and OFDM concepts to improve data rates in downlink of wireless communication networks. Survey, Implementation and performance analysis of existing MIMO Learning s/w and h/w components

OFDM extends directly to MIMO channels with the IFFT/FFT and CP operations being performed at each of the transmit and receive antennas. MIMO-OFDM decouples the frequency-selective MIMO channel into a set of parallel MIMO channels with the input output relation for the ith (i = 0, 2,,L-1) tone, yi = H i s i + n i i = 0, 2,, L-1

Use multiple transmit and receive antennas Again, MIMO provides -increase in rate -decrease in Pe (as a result of diversity, interference cancellation abilities etc)

Simply use 802.11 with MT= MR=2. VBLAST-ZF is an option Two data streams transmitted from node 0 to 1 instead of 1. Increases transmission rate. Increases overall capacity of network Does not address unfairness and ETD

The results obtained from these tests indicate very good performance for the MIMO-OFDM prototype. Concept is proving to be very robust in highly dispersive channels

Cost reduction is being investigated through various methods

Simulation results show that at any given BER the adaptive SISO system will be outperformed by the adaptive MIMO system Other future work areas involve the improvement of MIMO processing complexity and practical implementation issues.