WELCOME

- Y.Rama Krishna

DRAUGHT SYSTEM
The difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure existing in the furnace is called Draught.
Natural draught system
Induced draught system Forced draught system

Balanced draught system

FANS
An essential auxiliary equipment of the boiler. Supply air for the combustion in the furnace. (FD Fan) Evacuates the flue gases formed from the combustion. (ID fan)
Evacuation wouldnt be possible with out using FANS

Machines moving the gaseous fluids with a pressure ratio up to 1.15 are know as FANS

IMPORTANCE of ID FAN
MAINTAINS THE DESIRED BALANCED DRAUGHT AND NEGATIVE PRESSURE REQUIREMENT OF A FURNACE WITH THE HELP OF F.D. FAN Types Of Controls Employed For The Fans
Speed control Inlet guide vane control Damper control Blade pitch control

REGULATION The fan is adapted to changing operating conditions by means of

Adjustable inlet dampers.

Varying the fan speed

Inlet Damper Control

Actuator Variable Fan Speed

Two speed drive motor with inlet guide vanes Variable Speed Hydraulic Coupling Variable speed drives (stepped/step less variation) Frequency Controlled Variable Speed Drive

VARIABLE TORQUE

BASIC VFD (LCI-VFD) SYSTEM

LCI -Load Commutated Inverter VFD -Variable Frequency Drive

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
RATING
6-PULSE
KW RPM Volts (L-L) PF Exc Volts Exc Amps 1488 390 1804 0.85 240 48

12-PULSE
3895 545 2X2300 0.85 345 64

Stator YY , 10 pole, A.C. Rotar 8 pole, D.C.

ISOLATION TRANSFORMER The transformer provides isolation from the ac system bus.

Provides the correct voltage at the terminals of the rectifier i/p. Internal impedance of the transformer limits the magnitude of any downstream bus faults. Transformer rating:KVA = 3000 Volts HV/LV = 11/2.3 KV Amps HV/LV = 157.5/753.1 CH-1 / CH-2 /Y

RECTIFIER
I/P - CONSTANT a.c O/P- VARIABLE d.c
THYRISTOR FIRING

1 -- 2
2 -- 3

3 -- 4
4 -- 5

5 -- 6
6 -- 1

1 -- 2

Rectifier O/p

INVERTER

INVERTER SWITCHING

i
5 3 1

LCI Drive

SPACE VECTOR MODULATION

Inverter

o/p

LINE NOTCHES & BUMPS

POWER MODULES 2.3

kV FOR VFD

Gate driver module

HPTK MODULE (Gate driver)

Voltage Regulator For Exciter

FIELD EXCITER MODULE

Overall Functional VFD Diagram

2-channel VFD

LINING-UP AND ISOLATION OF ID FAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. LINING-UP Charge the cooling water to fan bearings. Charge the cooler from water side & ensure the flow in view glass. Charge the motor cooling water and observe the FLOW Line up the lube oil system Normalize the power supply of inlet / outlet gates. Normalize the supply of IGV. Normalize the fan main breaker. Check LOP s availability & interlock. Release the EPB. (always at the LAST)

STARTING
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Ensure no alarm persists on the source & load Breakers. Check all the permissive available. Check no fault is persisting. Close the SOURCE breakers from OWS. Ensure closing of the breakers from Local. Close the Load Breakers. Wait till the Drive attains a constant speed. Then increase the speed as per requirement. Use IGV & SPEED control to maintain DRAUGHT.

ISOLATION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Ensure that fan is in stopped condition. Press EPB. Electrically isolate the main breaker. Earthing to be done as per the requirement. Ensure that inlet / outlet gates are in closed condition. Isolate the supply of inlet and outlet gates. Isolate IGV supply. Isolate LOP-1 & 2 motor power supply after ensuring that fan at standstill. 9. Isolate cooling water to Oil coolers,Bearings,Motor coolers 10.Isolate the oil cooler from oil side.

ADVANTAGES OF USING V.F.D.

1. FAST RESPONSE 2. HIGH ACCURACY 3. HIGH EFFICIENCY 4. LOW MAINTENANCE 5. NO SUPPLY FLUCTUATION 6. SOFT START 7. INCREASE IN MOTOR LIFE

FURTHER APPLICATIONS The success of VFD to the ID fan in the power plant opens new channels for its application in the power plant auxiliaries like 1. MDBFP 2. FD FAN 3. PA FAN 4. GAS TURBINE STARTER 5. COMPRESSOR DRIVES 6. CENTRALISED AC SYSTEMS

CONCLUSIONS Reduction in auxiliary power consumption approximately by 10% at peak generation and by 15% at 60% generation.

SUGGESTIONS
Lower order Harmonics can be eliminated by using PWM

Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms can be implemented for optimized control.

REFERENCES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. NTPC ET course material. NPTI training module Customer training manual, LCI VFD vol & II -BHEL Power Electronics -P.S Bimbhra, Khanna pub. Power Electronics converters, applications and design -N.Mohan,

Undeland,Robbins 6. VFD article, Kilowatt Classroom

7. PWM Current Source Converter Induction Machine Drive -Alfons Klnne, Friedrich W. Fuchs
Christian-Abrechts-University of Kiel -Power Electronics and Electrical Drives,

8. A Variable Step-Size C-MEX S-Function for Reduced Simulation Times of

Variable Speed Drives, Alan Mullane, Gregor Gregorcic, Gordon Light body and
Robert Yacamini Department of Electrical Engineering, University College Cork, IRELAND

ID FAN
START PERMISSIVES FOR VFD CH-1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

VFD Source Breaker Not Disturbed AND VFD Source Breaker ON AND No VFD CH-1 Alarm Persisting AND VFD CH-1 Ready AND VFD CH-1 Start Permissive Available AND (VFD CH-2 ON) OR (Reg Damper Position Min(<2%) AND Fan I/L & O/L Gates Closed) AND 7. Fan Either LO P/P ON AND contd

8. Fan LO Press OK (>0.8 KSC) AND 9. LO Temp. after Cooler Not High (<75 C) AND 10. Fan Motor Brg. Temp. Not High (<85C) AND 11. Fan Brg temp. Not High (< 90C ) AND 12. Fan Motor Winding Temp. Not High(<120 C ) AND 13. Fan VFD Auxiliary Supply OK AND 14. FG path Available OR Other ID Fan ON AND

ID FAN PROTECTIONS FOR VFD CH-1

VFD CH-1 Fault Condition OR Motor Brg. Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >90C OR Fan Brg Temp V High (TD 5 sec) >110C OR Motor/Fan Brg. Vib V High (TD 15 sec) >9 mm/sec OR Post Purge Trip from FSSS OR Both ID Fan ON AND FD Fan-A Tripped OR Fan ON (>01 min) AND O/L Gates Closed OR Fan ON (>01 min) AND I/L Gates Closed OR VFD CH-2 Fault Condition