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May 2, 2014

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Module 1 - Motivation
Fundamentals of Database Systems

The design and implementation of the database component is a most significant aspect of Information system development Success of the Information system depends on the design of the database !
I think our smaller sized cans of drink are selling faster than the larger ones. Can you give me a breakdown? Sorry but we can only obtain reports showing total cans sold to each store. store

May 2, 2014

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Module 1 - Contents
Fundamentals of Database Systems Introduces the concept of a database Introduces the concept of a database management system Describes the functions of a database management system

May 2, 2014

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What is a Database?
A collection of related facts
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May 2, 2014

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What is a DBMS?

DBMS - )ata+a"e Management ,y"tem A soft are system for defining, constructing and manipulating databases for various applications DBMS may be general purpose !business applications" or special purpose !biological databases# geographic information# $$$"

May 2, 2014

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The DBMS facilitates ...

Defining a database % Specifying the types# structures# and constraints for the data &onstructing a database % Storing the data on a storage medium Manipulating a database % 'uerying and updating the database

May 2, 2014

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What is a Database System?

0"er"12rogrammer"
DATABASE SYSTEM

Application Programs/Queries

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DBMS SOFT A!E

Software to Process Queries/Programs Software to Access Stored Data

Stored Data"ase Definition #Meta$Data%

Stored Data"ase

May 2, 2014

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The Stored Database % A collection of related facts The DBMS % The soft are that defines# constructs and manipulatesa database The Applications % The programs !in specific languages" that manipulate the database The (sers % )eople ho use the database system# through the DBMS interface or through application programs
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Database System Components

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Use s of the Database System

Database Administrators Database Designers and Application )rogrammers *nd (sers % &asual *nd (sers % )arametric *nd (sers % Sophisticated *nd (sers

May 2, 2014

module I - taufik (taufik2003@gmail.com)

Why use a Database System?

The database approach provides a central store of data and meta-data# and thus % Is not internal to an application program# as in traditional file processing environments % )rovides shared access for multiple users % +elieves the application programmer from various tedious boo, ,eeping tas,s % )rovides the facility to change the data ithout affecting the applications

May 2, 2014

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The DBMS Soft!a e

Application )rogrammers DBA Staff DDStatements DD&ompiler PRI I!"#"$ C%&&'($S &asual (sers Interactive 'uery 'uery &ompiler ")ecution +untime Database )rocessor o Application )rograms )recompiler DMStatements DM&ompiler ")ecution &anned Transactions )arametric (sers .ost -anguage &ompiler

o System &atalog

o o o ")ecution

Stored Data Manager

&oncurrency &ontrol Bac,up/ +ecovery/Subsystems

Stored Database

May 2, 2014

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Typical "unctions of the DBMS

&ontrolling redundancy +estricting unauthori0ed access )roviding multi-user interfaces +epresenting comple1 relationships *nforcing integrity constraints )roviding bac,up and recovery

May 2, 2014

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Cont ollin# edundancy

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(sers of traditional file processing systems# each had ,u'8ect 9rade a 2copy3 of relevant data# &S789 : &S789 : causing &S787 < &S787 < % Duplication of effort &inance-:y%e % 4astage of storage space Self (' Scholar % Inconsistent data Self .o ever# redundancy sometimes enhances performance - DBMS provides an environment here redundancy can be controlled

May 2, 2014

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$est ictin# unautho i%ed access

Different user groups may have different access privileges !&reate/Alter# (pdate# and +etrieve"# hich are controlled through DBMS security sub-system# through the use of Accounts = )ass ords &asual users may not have access to confidential data# e$g medical records# salary pac,ages# police reports )arametric users may be given update access# but are generally not allo ed to change the structure of data Database administrators !DBAs" generally have highest privileges# create user accounts and enforce restrictions

May 2, 2014

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& ovidin# multi-use inte faces

'uery -anguages for &asual *nd (sers )rogramming -anguage Interfaces for Application )rogrammers Forms and &ommands for )arametric (sers - >raphical (ser Interfaces !>(I" - Interface for 4eb *nabling - ?atural -anguage Interfaces

May 2, 2014

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1-

Comple' elationships
DBMS has ability to represent comple1 relationships among the data
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:itle #redit )e%artment Soft are *ng 79 &S** Intro to Info Sys 79 &S** Business Info Sys 76 &ommerce

&@A<9 is offered by the &ommerce Department

May 2, 2014

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1.

(nfo cin# inte# ity const aints

The DBMS has the capability to define and enforce integrity constraints hich are restrictions placed on the data# based on the semantics or meaning of the data % *very SubBect must have a uniCue &ode % A student cannot have 9 different grades for the same subBect % A student cannot enroll in more than four 79-credit subBects in a semester % Student ?o must be a 5 digit integer DBMS cannot chec, spelling or typing errors# for e1ample# if D as entered as the grade of a student getting : - DBMS ill not identify the error!

May 2, 2014

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1/

& ovidin# bac)up and ecove y

DBMS provides facility to recover from hard are and soft are failures through its bac,up and recovery sub-system An update program is e1ecuting &omputer System fails in the middle of the update DBMS restores the database to a state prior to the update and restarts the update program
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Module 1 - $evie!
Eey definitionsF Database DBMS !Many Functions" Database System G DBMS H Database

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$ecommended $eadin#s

*lmasri = ?avathe

Chapter 1

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*e't ...

Module 9

Relational Model

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