PRESENTED BY

B.SANGEETHA
Reg. No. 133H1S0601

Under Guidance Of ,

Dr. K.Ravishankar
M.Pharm,ph.D
Professor, And Principal,
Sri Sai Aditya College Of Pharmaceutical
Sciences And Research , Surampalem

DOPAMINERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL
TRANSMISSION
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First synthesized in 1910 by George Barger and James Ewens at
Wellcome Laboratories in London, England.
Named so because it is a monoamine whose precursor in the
Barger-Ewens synthesis is 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
(levodopamine or L-DOPA).
Its function as a neurotransmitter was first recognized in 1958
by Arvid Carlsson and Nils-ke Hillarp at the Laboratory for
Chemical Pharmacology of the National Heart Institute of
Sweden.
Carlsson was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine for showing that dopamine is not only a precursor of
norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline),
but also a neurotransmitter.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF DOPAMINE
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STORAGE, RELEASE AND REUPTAKE
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INACTIVATION OF DOPAMINE
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CLASSIFICATION OF DOPAMINE
RECEPTORS
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DOPAMINE RECEPTORS IN BRAIN
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DOPAMINE FUNCTION
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PARKINSONS DISEASE
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The medications are classified as follows:
1)Dopamine precursors.
Eg:- Levodopa, Carbidopa
2) Dopamine receptor agonists.
Eg:- Ergot derivatives:- Bromocriptine, Pergolide
Non-ergot agonists:- Pramipexole, Ropinirole
3) Inhibitors of dopamine metabolism.
Eg:- Selegiline, Tolcapone, Entacapone
4) Non-dopaminergic pharmacology in Parkinsons disease.
Eg:-Amantadine, Trihexyphenidyl, Benztropine
SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia. The drugs
include:-
1)Typical antipsychotics.
Eg:- Chlorpromazine
2) Atypical antipsychotics.
Eg:- Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetapine, Ziprasidone,
Risperidone

SEROTONERGIC NEUROHUMOURAL
TRANSMISSION
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First recognised as a powerful vasoconstrictor in blood
serum. It was isolated in 1948 by Page.
Naturally produced in the Pineal gland. The average adult
human possesses only 5 to 10 mg of serotonin.
Numerous functions include the control of appetite, sleep,
memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behaviour,
cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine
regulation and depression.
5-HT is also found in wasp stings and scorpion venom where
its function is of an irritant.
Intravenous injection of serotonin in humans leads to pain,
gasping, coughing, a tingling and prickling sensation, nausea,
cramps and other unpleasant symptoms.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND INACTIVATION
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SEROTONIN PATHWAYS IN BRAIN
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5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE
RECEPTORS
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Major depressive disorder(MDD) and bipolar
disorder(BD) are both characterized by extremes in mood.
MDD is characterized by episodes of depression, which
is recurrent.
BD is characterized by episodes of mania and
hypomania.

1) MAO inhibitors
Eg:- Irreversible block:- Phenelzine,
Tranylcypromine
Reversible block:- Befloxatone, Brofaromine,
Moclobemide
2) Tricyclic antidepressants
Eg:- Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Imipramine,
Nortriptyline, Doxepine, Desipramine,
Nortryptyline, Protriptyline, Trimipramine.
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3) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)
Eg:- Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline,
Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine
4) Other antidepressants
Eg:- Bupropion, Mirtazapine, Nefazodone,
Trazodone, Venlafaxine
5) Lithium
6) Anticonvulsants
Eg:- Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine

REFERENCES
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1) GOODMAN & GILLMANS
PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF
THERAPAEUTICS
2) Pharmacology Lippincott's
3) katzungs clinical pharmacology
4) Rang & Dale's Pharmacology, 5th Edition
5) WEB SOURCE:
A) www.wikepedia.com
B) www.slideworld.com
C) www.pharmacology.org
D) www.cnsforum.com
E) www.sciencedirect.com

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THANK YOU