False friends are pairs of foreign sounding lexical items which are etymologically related but semantically fully or partly different. They can be divided into five different categories which are: O Semantic False Friends O morphological False Friends O Orthographical False Friends O Phonological False Friends O Zero-equivalent false friends.
False friends are pairs of foreign sounding lexical items which are etymologically related but semantically fully or partly different. They can be divided into five different categories which are: O Semantic False Friends O morphological False Friends O Orthographical False Friends O Phonological False Friends O Zero-equivalent false friends.
False friends are pairs of foreign sounding lexical items which are etymologically related but semantically fully or partly different. They can be divided into five different categories which are: O Semantic False Friends O morphological False Friends O Orthographical False Friends O Phonological False Friends O Zero-equivalent false friends.
Lopez Bonina and Merima Muji 2 Presentation Overview O History of false friends O Definition of false friends O Slovene English false friends O German English false friends O French English false friends O Spanish English false friends O Italian English false friends O Romance languages and false friends 3 1.History of False Friends O Common origin = Latin O Began in 597 A.D O In the 16th century words were being borrowed but with a change in meaning O Two reasons for borrowing: - naming new things - to enrich the language (Renaissance) 4 O The borrowing still continues today O Words undergo mutations O Linguistic traps for students reading Shakespeare, Chaucer and J.Austen. For example:
1.a) - nice ( L. nescius (ignorant)) from meaning foolishly particular ( J. Austen) to meaning pleasant. 5 2.Definition of False Friends O According to Gabrovek (2004) false friends are: pairs of foreign sounding lexical items which are etymologically related but semantically fully or partly different. O They can be divided into five different categories which are: O Semantic false friends O Morphological false friends O Orthographical false friends O Phonological false friends O Zero-equivalent false friends 5 6 2.1.Semantic False Friends O Total false friends: no sense in common O Partial false friends: at least one shared sense O SL: organ vs. EN: organ O SL: profesor vs. EN: professor O SL: akcija vs. EN: action 6 7 2.2.Morphological False Friends O Pairs of lexical items which have the same meaning but different morphological structures O different affixes: O affix in the first language: O affix in the second language: 7 8 2.3.Orthographical False Friends
O Pairs of lexical items with different spelling O faraon vs. pharaoh O diskoteka vs. discotehque 8 9
O Phonological false friends
O Zero-equivalent false friends 9 10 3.Slovene-English False Friends O 3.a) Za dobro torto je potreben dober biskvit. - For a good cake you need a good sponge-cake. O May I offer you a biscuit? - Ali ti lahko ponudim pikot?
O 3.b) Kolona je nastala pred izvozom za Vrhniko. - A long- line formed before the exit for Vrhnika. O Youve missed a colon in front of the quotation marks. - Pozabil si na dvopije pred narekovaji.
O 3.c) Prezervative se lahko kupi v lekarni.- Condoms can be bought at the farmacy. O Yogurts are full of preservatives. - Jogurti so polni konzervansov. 10 11 4.German English False Friends
12 4.a) Gift (n) ; German Gift vs. English gift
O a) English: This was a gift from my parents.
O b) German: Das ist wie Gift fr ihn. (That is like poison for him.) 13 4.b) Eventually (adv.): German eventuell vs. English eventually O a) English: Ingredients: tomato, cucumber, pepper, onion, water, olive oil, wine winegar, salt, garlic, and eventually [finally] lemon. O b) German: Zutaten: Tomaten, Gurken, Paprika, Zwiebeln, Wasser, Olivenl, Weinessig, Salz, Knoblauch, und eventuell [perhaps] Zitrone. 14 4.c) To Become (v.): German bekommen vs. English become
O a) English: I want to become a rockstar.
O b) German: Am ende der Woche bekomme ich mein neues Fahrrad. (Im getting my new bike at the end of the week.) 15
4.d) sensible (adj.): German sensibel vs. English sensible
O a) English: I think it would be sensible to leave early, in case there is a lot of traffic.
O b) German: Die Instrumente reagieren sehr sensibel. ( The instruments are very sensitive.) 16 5. French Faux Amis O French replaced English as the language of the ruling classes O true friends or true cognates vrais amis- are French words that have come into the language and have changed little in spelling but do not change their meaning: O identical in both languages: intelligence, instinct, situation, absent, accident O Words that changed in spelling: diplomacy (diplomatie), adventure (aventure), address (adresse). 17 5.1. True Faux Amis O words that have a common root but which have changed their meanings over the centuries, and words that have no common root and which look alike through pure accident. O Examples:
O 5.1.a) Sensible sensible O Loreille humaine est moins sensible certains soons The human ear is less sensitive to certain sounds. O Vous tes trop sensible You are too sensitive. O Il est toujours sensible son charme Hes still sensitive to her charm. 18 O 5.1.b) Comprhensif comprehensive O Il est comprhensif et sympathique Hes understanding and likeable. O Un prservatif a preservative 19 5.2. French Partial False Friends O French words which do mean the same as their English cognates, but which have other meanings as well. O Examples: O 5.2.a) Importer to import O Il importe quil arrive lheure Its important that he arrives on time. O Peu mimporte It doesnt matter to me. O Parfum perfume O Dites-moi votre parfum de glace prfr - Tell me your favorite ice cream flavor. 20 6. Spanish False Friends (Falsos amigos)
O True friends in Spanish: many English words that come from Latin are transparent to the English speaker: accidente, enciclopedia, inteligencia, situacin, etc. O Example: O 6.a) Accidente accident O Se convirti en un empresario por accidente. O He became a businessman by accident. 21 6.1. Spanish True False friends O Words that have a common root but have taken on different meanings over time, or words that just look similar. O Examples: O 6.1.a) Simple simple O A simple question - Una pregunta sencilla. O Una pregunta simple - A mere question. O 6.1.b) Adecuado - adequate O The right man for the job - El hombre adecuado para el cargo. O The Money I have is adequate for this trip - El dinero que tengo es suficiente para este viaje. 22 O 6.1.c) Pie pie O You can find countless variations on meat pies made around the world. Some are baked, some are fried, some are prepared in deep dishes and others are intended to be eaten by hand.
O Puedes encontrar un sinnmero de variaciones de los *pies de carne realizados en todo el mundo. Algunos son horneados, algunos fritos, algunos se preparan en platos hondos y otros estn hechos para comer con la mano. O *Piefoot!
O Puedes encontrar un sinnmero de variaciones de los pasteles de carne realizados en todo el mundo. 23 O 6.1.d) Embarazada - embarrassed O I was embarrassed to look her in the eye. O Estaba avergonzado para verla a los ojos.
O She is eight months pregnant. O Ella est embarazada de ocho meses.
O 6.1.e) Fbrica - fabric
O This fabric is impermeable to water. O Este tejido es impermeable.
O The factory produces cotton goods. O La fbrica produce buen algodn. 24 7. Italian-English False Friends O 7.a) La libreria si trova alla fine della via. - The book store is located at the end of the street. O This is the university library. - Questa la biblioteca universitaria.
O 7.b) Mi passi il sale perfavore! - Could you pass me the salt please! O The sales are finally going up. - Finalmente le vendite si stanno migliorando. 24 25
8. Coincidences of false friends in Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French.
O 8.a) Blank O Spblanco/blanca; O Frblanc/blanche; O Prbranco/branca; O It bianco/bianca O My grandmother's house is white. O (Sp) La casa de mi abuela es blanca. O (Fr) la maison de ma grand-mre est blanche. O (Pr) A casa da minha av branca. O (It) La casa della mia nonna bianca. WHITE 26 O To fill the blanks with a number." O (Sp) llenar los espacios vacos con un nmero. O (Pr) Preencher os espaos vazios com um nmero. O (It) Riempire gli spazi vuoti con un numero. O (Fr) Remplir les espaces vides avec un nombre. 27 Conclusion O Historical overview
O The definition
O Slovene, German, French, Spanish and Italian false friends 27