WELCOME TO PRINCIPAL ALL TEACHERS &

STUDENTS


HYDRO POWER PLANT

PRESENTATION
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Mr. Asim Raza
Mr. Syed Salim Ahmad

GOVT. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SITE KARACHI
AFFILIATED WITH NED UNIVERSITY OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLGY

2. FARHANA TAJAMMUL 08/EP-211
1. ASIF MEHDI 08/EP-206
5. KHALID IQBAL MALIK 08/EP-219
6. MUHAMMAD ASAD 08/EP-226
4. KAMRAN AHMAD 08/EP-218

3. KAMRAN 08/EP-217
7. WAQAR HASSAN 08/EP-235
GROUP NO.1
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLGY
(ELECTRICAL PASS) Batch-2007-08
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?

The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the

potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a

certain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into electric

energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse

is located. The power output from the scheme is proportional

to the flow and to the head.

DAM TURBINE
POWER HOUSE
INTAKE
GENERATOR
PENSTOCK
R
E
S
E
V
O
I
R

POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER
ELEMENTS OF HYDRO
POWER

FIRST ELEMENT :-

DAMS

The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from

water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation

to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water

reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.

The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the

generator, making electricity.

A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam.

During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced

and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods that

can exceed normal flow conditions in the river. For this reason,

carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure.

These passages are known as spillways.
What are Spill ways?

2
nd
ELEMENT:-
INTAKE


A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of

water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing

a negative impact on the local environment.
INTAKE:-

3rd ELEMENT:-
PENSTOCK
PENSTOCK

conveying water from the intake to the power house.

The water in the reservoir is considered stored energy

When the gate opens the water flowing through the

penstock becomes kinetic energy because it is in motion.


4
th
ELEMENT

TURBINES
The water strikes and
turns the large blades
of a turbine, which is
attached to a
generator above it by
way of a shaft. The
most common type of
turbine for
hydropower plants is
the Francis Turbine,
which looks like a big
disc with curved
blades.

After passing through the turbine the water returns to the

river trough a short canal called a tailrace.


Tailraces:-

5TH ELEMENT
GENERATOR
As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside

the generator. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils,

producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons.
Inside the
Generator:-

The heart of the hydroelectric
power plant is the generator.
The basic process of generating
electricity in this manner is to
rotate a series of magnets inside
coils of wire. This process moves
electrons, which produces
electrical current.



Each generator is made of certain basic parts:

1. Shaft

2. Excitor

3. Rotor

4. Stator


As the turbine turns, the excitor sends an electrical current

to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large electromagnets

that spins inside a tightly-wound coil of copper wire, called

the stator. The magnetic field between the coil and the
magnets creates an electric current.
6
TH
ELEMENT:-

TRANSFORMERS
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical
energy from one circuit to another through a shared
magnetic field. A changing current IP in the first
circuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic
field; in turn, this magnetic field induces a voltage VS
in the second circuit (the secondary). The secondary
circuit mimics the primary circuit, but it need not
carry the same current and voltage as the primary
circuit. Instead, an ideal transformer keeps the
product of the current and the voltage the same in
the primary and secondary circuits.
7
TH
ELEMENT
OUTFLOW:-

Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces,
and re-enters the river downstream.
8TH ELEMENT
POWER HOUSE:-




POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS:-

In the scheme of hydropower the role of power house is to
protect the electromechanical equipment that convert the
potential energy of water into electricity.

Following are the equipments of power plant:

1.Valve 5.Condensor
2.Turbine 6.Protection System
3.Generator 7.DC emergency Supply
4.Control System 8.Power and current transformer

TRASH RACK

Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack

cleaning machine, which removes material from water in

order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging

electromechanical equipment.
A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured
and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.

Hydropower is currently the largest source of
renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the
electricity used in the United States.

The most common type of hydropower plant uses a
dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water
released from the reservoir flows through a turbine,
spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to
produce electricity.

But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large
dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal
to channel the river water through a turbine.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

AND

ITS MITIGATION
FINAL WORDS:-

We would like to pay our thanks to

Mr. ASIM RAZA & Mr. SYED SALEEM AHMED

who enabled us to present this documentation

and very thanks to all fellows for listening,

for any contact from group, you may contact,

hydropowerinfo@gmail.com