HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION IN ISLAM

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN ISLAM

FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION DURING THE LIFE OF PROPHET
MUHAMMAD SAW

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF THE FOUR RIGHTEOUS
CALIPHS AND THE GOLEDEN AGE OF ISLAM

FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION DURING THE GOLDEN AGE

CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
This chapter
covers :
The concept
of
knowledge
and
education
Classification
of
knowledge
Historical
development
of
educational
institution
Factors of
islamic
educations
excellence
THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE AND
EDUCATION IN ISLAM
Knowledge = alilm

= Comprehensive word
which covers Allahs
knowledge in all matters


Education = tadib
=> A teaching learning
process
=> Al-Attas(1987)
education in Islam is the
inculcation of adab
=> Adab includes the
spiritual and material life
of man
Knowledge has been
understood into various
meaning:-
The Quran
Faith (iman)
Wisdom (hikmah)
Intellect (aql)
Light (nur)
Science

Al-Quran and al-Sunnah
constantly encouraged
the Muslims to seek
knowledge and to use
their intellect for the
benefit of all mankind
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN ISLAM
Education in early Islam
1
st
to 4
th
Hijrah
(7-10
th
century)
Education during the
Middle Age or Golden Age
5
th
-9
th
Hijrah
(11-15
th
century)
Educational Institution
Mosque as the centre of learning Suffah
Islamic Education During The Period Of Rasulullah
Saw
Education was concerned with recitation and
memorization of the Quran and Hadith. There is not much
difference between education and preaching. Both are
regard as part of knowledge
Rasulullah was the first teacher of Islam. He dispatch
teachers to outer Madinah. He used to designate his
specified time exclusively for Muslim womens education.
Rasulullah also employed several prisoners of Badar battle
to teach the children of Madinah to read and write.
Before the establishment of mosque one of the companions house
(al-Arqam) was the first place for learning Islam. After migration to
Madinah (622M) Rasulullah first built a mosque (Mosque Quba). He
taught religious knowledge to his followers and delivered evening
lectures in the mosque.
Function of
mosque during
the period of
Rasulullah
1. Performing ritual
obligation
2. Centre for
administration
3. Centre for education
4. Place for social

Method of teaching in the mosque
Rasulullah usually sit
down together with
his followers,
gathered in the semi
circle (halaqah) to
learn Quranic
teaching and hadith.
Normally Rasulullah
kept on repeating the
important words 3
times in his teaching.
He used to show good
examples and never
hurt the feeling of his
audience.

Rasulullah sometimes
requested his companions to
teach those who were
illiterate. Beside teaching the
Quran, reading and writing,
he also recommended his
followers to learn shooting
arrows, horse-riding,
swimming, basic of medicine
and tarannum.

Rasulullahs mosque in Madinah
had an open space adjoining the
mosque which served as a living-
learning centre
Many groups of
students came
forward to rest, pray
and learn about the
recitation of the
Quran, hadith
including the related
sciences here
The teachers of this
place (suffah)
=>Rasulullah saw
himself
=> Those who
appointed by
Rasulullah
SUFFAH
FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION
DURING THE LIFE OF RASULULLAH SAW
The
commandment in
the Quran
Encouragement
from Rasulullah
saw
Individual effort
among the
companions
Influence of the
surrounding
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF
KHULAFA AL-RASYIDIN
Maktab
&
Kuttab
The
Majalis
Educational
Institution
Maktab and kuttab refers to
the elementary schools.
Maktab=for students from the
age of 7-10years old
Kuttab=after attending to
maktab student will then
proceeded to the kuttab.
Divided into 2:-
1.Kuttab located in the
muallim house
2. Kuttab located in the
mosque or other specific place
Curriculum for the maktab.
=> Memorization and
recitation of the Quran study
of poetry, khat, calligraphy,
grammar, horse riding and
swimming
Curriculum for the kuttab.
=> Quranic writing and
reading, nahu, sirah, etiquette
etc
The majalis
(circle of
gathering)
The other main
institution of
learning after the
maktab or kuttab
Presided by a
teacher or
professor in
various sciences
Learning activities
include:
Majlis
alilm
Majlis al-hukm
Majlis at-
tadris wal
fatwa
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE
GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM
Mosque
Jami
(university)
Zawiyat
Palace
schools and
literary
salons
Madrasah
(college)
Bayt al-
hikmah,
libraries and
book shops
schools
Hospital and
observatories
FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE
The
Influence
Of Islamic
Teaching
The encouragement
given by AQ & AS to
pursue knowledge is the
prime reason for the
growth of Muslim
scholarship.
There are many verses
emphasize on this effort.
E.g: Quran urged the
Muslim to observe the
universe and utilize it
accordingly for the
interest of human being
Both AQ & AS stimulated
the Muslim to learn
about religious and
scientific knowledge to
lead a balanced and
harmonious life
The Role Of Muslim
Caliphs
Some caliphs had shown
their immense interest in
seeking knowledge
Provided waqf fund and
contributed scholarship
activities to both the
scholars and students
Established schools, universities,
libraries, and well-equipped
observatories to encourage the
people towards learning and
teaching process
Among them were:-
Caliph Umar Al-khattab
Caliph Harun Al-Rasyid and
his son Al-Makmun Of
Baghdad
Caliph Abd Rahman III and
Al-hakam II Of Andalusia
Caliph Al-Mumin Of Egypt
The Outstanding
Effort Of Muslim
Scholars And
Scientists In
Various Disciplines
Of Knowledge
Many Muslim
great figure had
made
impressive
achievement in
various
disciplines of
knowledge
Al-Kindi, al-
Khawarizmi, al-
Razi, al-Farabi
Ibn Sina,al-
Ghazali etc
Muslim
physicians have
developed both
medicine and
the
pharmacology.
In physics al-Hazen
has corrected
Euclids and
Ptolemys theory
inserting that
vision comes from
the impact of light
rays
Al-
Khawarizmi=laid
a foundation of
algebra
The Role Of Bayt
Al-Hikmah And
Translation Works
One stop centre for
teaching and
learning
Centre for
translation of
various disciplines
of knowledge
Centre for
discussions and
debate about
knowledge
Centre for
academic gathering
and research
The contribution of
the caliphs and
Muslim scholars
towards knowledge
have influence the
widespread of
intellectual activities.

The Muslim and non
Muslim students from
the East and West
countries are welcomed
to seek various
disciplines of knowledge
and made research in
these universities and
sometimes were offered
the scholarship by the
Caliphs.
The
Widespread
Of Intellectual
Activities The Muslims
universities In
Baghdad, Cordoba
and Egypt had
successfully spread
the intellectual
activities throughout
the world


CONCLUSION