CLIMATE CHANGE:

GLOBAL CHALLENGE FOR SURVIVAL

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 EXISTING SITUATION: MANIFESTATIONS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
 REASONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

 PROSPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INCREASED

PATTERN OF GLOBAL WARMING

 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

 PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITIES TO CLIMATE

CHANGE

 PHILIPPINE RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

The Philippines has
not been spared of
the weather-related
disturbances and
disasters. The past
typhoons have been
unusually heavy and
have brought
devastation to our
country and our
people.
  In December of
2003, at least 200
people died from
landslides and
flooding after we
experienced the
heaviest rainfall in
25 years.

 In three days of storm, more than a meter of

rain fell in Surigao City – more than three times
the monthly average.
 In 2004, the death toll stood at 412,
with 177 people missing, after typhoon
Winnie triggered landslides and flash
floods.
 In Quezon alone, 114 died in Real, 100
in Infanta, and 92 in General Nakar.
In February of 2006, an estimated 1,500 to 2,500
people died after a school and an estimated 500
houses in the village of Guinsaugon, St.
Bernard, Leyte was buried by mudflow.

This mudslide happened after heavy rains dumped

459.2 milimeters of rain on the area in the space of
3 days.
In September 28, 2006, super
typhoon Milenyo – the strongest
typhoon to hit Metro Manila in seven
years, cut across Luzon, leaving at
least 18 people dead
 a Luzon-wide
blackout that lasted for
more than a week in
some areas
 the suspension of sea
and flight travel,
marking the first time in
15 years that the
country’s premier
international airport
was closed
CLIMATE CHANGE = CHANGE IN CLIMATE
attributable directly to human activity that alters the composition of
the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.

CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL WARMING
(Increase in Global Temperature)

GLOBAL WARMING
(Increase in Green House Gasses)
  Carbon dioxide
 Methane
 Nitrous Oxide

These are naturally found in the

atmosphere and they trap heat close to
the Earth’s surface.
CARBON DIOXIDE METHANE

NITROUS OXIDE
- Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen
in Soils and Ocean
CARBON DIOXIDE - Burning of Fossil Fuels
(Oil,Coal) by Power plants, Industries and
Vehicles
Methane - Decomposition of Garbage and Agricultural
Waste Materials, Leaks in Coal Mining and Natural Gas
Production
Accounts for 20% of additional greenhouse effects
Open Dumpsites
GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector

Source: Ms. Joy Goco, IACCC

Nitrous Oxide:

• Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen in Soils and Oceans

• Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Pesticides in Agriculture
• Biomass Burning
• Combustion Process Vehicles
• Acid Production
Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6)
Reduce ability of Ecosystem to Absorb
Greenhouse Gasses
 RAPID INCREASE IN EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASSES

Carbon Dioxide--------------------- 30%

INCREASE
Methane ----------------------------- 145% in 200 Years
Nitrous Oxide ---------------------- 15%

20th Century Global Warming

1990’s = Warmest Decade

1998 = Warmest Year Since 1861
1890 – 1990 = 0.5 – 1.° F Increase in
2000 – 2100 = 2.0 – 6.° F Global Temp.

TEMPERATURE INCREASE IN 100 YEARS

UNPRECEDENTED

90% CERTAINLY THAT TEMPERATURE INCREASE DUE TO

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

SEA LEVEL TO RISE BY 18-59 CENTIMETERS BY 2100

 RISE IN TEMPERATURE

ACCELERATE MELTING OF GLACIER

INCREASE IN SEA LEVELS

>FLOODING
ACCELERATE MELTING OF GLACIERS Increase of Sea Level

Inundation/ Flooding of
Low-Lying Areas and Small
Islands
VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE

DISRUPT CYCLE OF
PLANTING AND
HARVESTING
LOW PRODUCTIVITY AND
DISRUPTS FEEDING HABITS,
MIGRATION AND FOOD SHORTAGE
REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
OF ANIMALS LOSS OF INCOME OF POOR
FARMERS AND FISHERMEN
DEVASTATIONS FROM EL
NINO AND LA NINA
VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS

CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS:
- VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > DEVASTATIONS AND HIGH
COST OF LIVES AND PROPERTIES
 HEALTH RISKS:
VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > HEATWAVES &EXTREME COLD
FRONTS

--- HIGH RISK FOR THE OLD, THE SICK, CHILDREN AND THE
POOR
--- ECOSYSTEMS TO BE DESTROYED
  Typhoons and Floods

The Philippines is located in the typhoon belt. An

average of 20 typhoons visit the country every
year and incidents of flooding are higher in the
country than anywhere else.

Source: PAGASA
LANDSLIDES MUD FLOWS
32,400 Kilometers, Longest Coastline
 Climate
Change in the
Philippines

Dry seasons
becoming drier.
Wet seasons
becoming
wetter.

El Niño - La Niña
Vulnerability Map

KLIMA
 WASTE MANAGEMENT: 1,165 Open/Controlled dumpsites nationwide:

--Assist LGUs in
proper waste
management
 Executive Order 774 and 785

 provides for 50% reduction of waste generation within 6 months.

 development of a National Framework on Climate Change

• SHIFT IN ENERGY MIX FROM FOSSIL FUELS (OIL
AND COAL) TO RENEWABLE SOURCES (WATER,
WIND, NATURAL GAS, GEOTHERMAL)

• PRESENT MIX: FOSSIL FUELS- 58.4% AND

RENEWABLE SOURCES- 41.6%

• TARGET: FOSSIL FUELS – 49.2% AND

RENEWABLE SOURCES- 50.8% BY 2014.
YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE
MINIMIZE/DISPENSE WITH ACTIVITIES THAT USE GREENHOUSE
GASSES (E.G., CONSERVE USE OF ELECTRICITY)

MORE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR BUSINESS

USING FUELS. GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND GOOD FOR
PROFITS.

DEVELOP CDM PROJECTS FOR CARBON TRADING

LIMIT USE OF CAR AND ENSURE GOOD RUNNING CONDITION.

JOIN THE GREEN PHILIPPINES PROGRAM.

USE ALTERNATIVE FUELS(BIODIESEL,BIOMASS,ETC.)

 “We can then be sure that we can
bequeath to our children our EARTH in
much better shape than when we
inherited it”
“Let it be known that this is our only
EARTH”
“It is our future and our children’s
future”

“IT IS OUR CHOICE”