OMPRESSED

ATURAL
AS
FUEL FOR
VEHICLES
INDEX
What is C.N.G
Introduction
Difference between CNG and LPG
C.N.G Vehicles
C.N.G History
Use of natural gas
Types of natural gas for vehicles
Advantages of C.N.G
Disadvantages of C.N.G
Market overview
Survey on CNG





What Is CNG
CNG is the best eco-friendly fuel gas.
It consist mostly methane gas which is
highly inflammable.
A natural gas under pressure which
remains clear and non- corrosive.
It is odorless so CNG companies adds
chemical smell so that it can be
detected.
Its octane rating is 130.
INTRODUCTION
CNG is the abbreviation for
Compressed Natural Gas, which
is natural gas that has been
compressed. It is lighter than air.

CNG is a fossil fuel that
comprises of lighter hydrocarbon
gases and vapor, and contains
mostly methane, and (in minor
quantity) ethane & propane.

CNG is becoming the
alternative energy to fuel cars,
busses, pick-up trucks and other
vehicles, as it is cheaper and
least pollutant fuel.
CNG
VEHICLES
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CNG AND LPG
CNG LPG
It consists mostly of methane and is
drawn from gas wells or in
conjunction with crude oil production.
It is produced as a by-product of
natural gas processing and petroleum
refining.
It contains hydrocarbons such as
methane and ethane as well as other
gases such as nitrogen, helium,
carbon dioxide.
LPG or Autogas consists mainly of
propane, propylene, butane, and
butylene in various mixtures.
CNG is stored on the vehicle in high-
pressure 200-250ksc
LPG is stored in pressurized
containers at 10-15ksc.At normal
temperatures and pressures, LPG will
evaporate.
Natural gas is lighter than air.
Dominant C1 +minor C2
LPG is heavier than air. Dominant C3
+minorC4+C5+C6+C7 in decreasing
order
Low calorific value 7500-8400Kcal Higher calorific value 8500-11000Kcal
CNGS HUMBLE BEGINNING
The first Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
vehicle to run on natural gas was created by
Etienne Lenoir in 1860.

The First Natural Gas Vehicle, 1860
Contd
The history of CNG as a transportation
fuel dates back to World War II.
Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) are a proven
technology that have been enhanced and
refined over the years into a convenient
and extremely safe method of
transportation.
Daily use of natural gas vehicles can be
found throughout the United States in a
variety of applications.
CNG projects were started in 1977 with
the conversion of 1200 vehicles in Shiraz
as a pilot project and two refueling
stations were constructed there.

WHY WE USE NATURAL
GAS VEHICLES
I Public Health and Environment Protection

1. It is environment friendly less pollutant fossil fuel.
2. Due to rapid industrialization which is best on
dominantly fossil fuel such as petroleum and coal ,
global temperature is on the rise. Average
temperature rise in the earth atmosphere and thinning
of protective ozone layer due to green house gases
by carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, methane etc. To
reduce this gases which are associated with use of
petroleum and coal CNG is preferred.
3. Creates 80% less particle matter.
4. 21-25% less greenhouse gas emissions.



WHY WE USE NATURAL GAS
VEHICLES Contd
II Increase Energy Security

Our country has initiated natural gas production
from coal seam and experimental tested natural
gas from shale rock this year only.
India has a potential to produce large quantity of
natural gas from shale (type of rock) and coal.
There is surplus of gas in West Asian countries.
Presently we are deficient in natural gas.
USA is producing almost 20% of it natural gas
requirement from shale, which helped in bringing
down gas price in the country.


TYPES OF NATURAL GAS FOR
VEHICLES

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Generally used in vehicles at 3000-
3600 psi.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Made by lowering the temperature of
NG until it becomes a liquid (heavier
hydrocarbons- C3,C4, C5+
condenses.)

ADVANTAGES OF CNG OVER
PETROL & DIESEL
CNG is cheaper than Petrol and
Diesel.
CNG powered vehicle has,
1. Lower maintenance cost.
2. No evaporation losses.
3. Increase life of lubricating oil.
Lighter than air.
Doesnt leak into ground water.
Non-pollutant fuel.
CNG is more eco-friendly than
gasoline.



DISADVANTAGE OF CNG

Compressed Natural Gas tanks require more
space to storage.
The CNG cylinder is also heavy but the
added weight of the tank is offset by the
reduced weight of a gasoline fuel tank that is
near empty.
CNG filling stations have limited availability.
It is stored in highly pressurized container, so
it leads to hazards conditions.
NATURAL GAS SCENARIO
YEAR NATURAL GAS
DEMAND
DOMESTIC
PRODUCTION
IMPORT OF
NATURAL GAS
1997 21.5 BCM 21.5 BCM -
2020 70.8 BCM 27 BCM 25.3 BCM
MARKET OVERVIEW
Natural Gas market in India is poised to grow
to 71 BCM by 2020 from present day
27BCM.
Dependency on Natural Gas is growing
throughout the world and India.
India is a gas deficient country, dependant on
imported gas.
Indian industry and infrastructure is gearing
up to avail the green technology of natural
gas.
Indian government yet to make a clear
statement on gas policy regarding tax policy
and regulation.
SURVEY ON CNG
Top ten countries with most CNG vehicles-2011
(millions)

Iran
Pakistan 2.85
Argentina 2.07
Brazil 1.7
India 1.1
Italy 0.78
China 0.61
Colombia 0.36
Uzbekistan 0.31
Thailand 0.30
World Total

14.8

2.86

BACK-UP SLIDES
Octane rating or octane number is a
standard measure of the performance
of a motor or aviation fuel. The higher
the octane number, the more
compression the fuel can withstand
before detonating.
In broad terms, fuels with a higher
octane rating are used in high-
compression engines that generally
have higher performance.