ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

INFLAMMATION
Inflammation is a response to tissue injury and infection. When the inflammatory
process progresses, vascular reaction occurs where fluids, blood elements, white blood
cells (leukocytes), and chemical mediators gathered at the site of tissue injury or infection.
The process of inflammation is a protective mechanism in which the body attempts to
neutralize and eradicate harmful agents at the site of injury and to prepare for the state of
tissue repair.

Although there is a relationship between inflammation and infection, these terms should
not be considered the same. Infections caused by microorganisms and cause
inflammation, but not all inflammation caused by infection.
THE MAIN SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION
redness
painful
warm
swelling
loss of function (sometimes)
TYPE OF INFLAMMATION
Acute Inflammation
Network of reactions against cell injury be short, a few hours or a few days in
the presence of vascular changes and exudation
Chronic Inflammation
the prolonged inflammation (weekly or monthly). Inflammation can occur in the
presence of infectious microorganisms that long, cause toxic exposure, and the presence
of immune reactions
ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
KONSTRIKSI AND DILATATION
EMIGRATION
CHEMOTAXIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS AND EXUDATION
WHAT IS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY?
anti-inflammatory is a drug which reduce the signs and symptoms of inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are a class of drugs that have activity suppress or reduce
inflammation. This activity can be achieved through various means, which inhibits the
inflammatory mediator prostaglandin formation, inhibits leukocyte migration of cells to the
area of inflammation and inhibit the release of prostaglandins from the cells where
formation.
DISTRIBUTION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
Anti-inflammatory drugs from Groups Steroids (Glukokortikoida)
Antiinflammatory effects of steroids (glucocorticoids) are associated with
the ability to stimulate protein biosynthesis lipomodulin, which can inhibit
the action of phospholipase A2 enzymatic thus preventing the release of
mediators such as arachidonic acid and its metabolites such as
prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LT), thromboxane and prostacyclin.
Examples of compounds that are included in this group are cortisone,
hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone, etc.
Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are a group of drugs that work by inhibiting the enzyme
cyclooxygenase activity so that the conversion of arachidonic acid
into prostaglandins being disturbed. Suitable NSAID used to reduce
swelling, pain and joint stiffness.
One sample of the compounds that are included in this group are:
Salicylic acid derivatives, eg aspirin, diflusinal, sulfasalazine,
olsalazin
PHARMACOKINETICS OF NSAID
1. An organic fatty acids (except nabumeton)
2. The presence of food does not affect absorption
3. Metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme
4. Excretion through the kidneys
5. Experiencing circulation enterohepatis
6. Binds with high protein (albumin)
7. Found in the synovial fluid after repeated administration.
8. irritate the stomach
PHARMACODYNAMIC NSID
1. antiinflammatory activity mediated through prostaglandin
biosynthesis barriers.
2. ains a decline during the use of mediators granulocytes,
basophils and mast cells.
3. reducing the sensitivity of blood vessels to bradykinin and
histamine
4. affect the productivity of T lymphocytes lymphokine
IBUPROFEN
Ibuprofen is a non-steroid drug classes which have anti-
inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. This drug inhibits
prostaglandin and with levels of 400 mg or more is used where
pain and inflammation are the major symptoms. Ibuprofen is a
propionic acid derivative which introduced many countries. This
drug is an analgesic with anti-inflammatory power that is not too
strong. Analgesic effect similar to aspirin. Ibuprofen is not
recommended be taken by pregnant and lactating women.
DEXAMETHASONE
Dexamethasone is a allergenic and anti-inflammatory drugs
which very powerful. In comparison with the equivalent of 0.75 mg
Dexamethasone following medications: 25 mg cortisone,
hydrocortisone 20 mg, 5 mg prednisone, and prednisolone 5 mg.
Dexamethasone has no mineral activity of cortisone or
hydrocortisone corticosteroids, so treatment for adrenocortical
deficiency useless.
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