Wireless Technologies and .11n

Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005

IEEE 802.11 Technologies
Amer Hassan, Architect
amerh@microsoft.com
2

January 27, 2005
3

January 27, 2005
The Vision Dream Network
Pervasive Collaborative Computing

Faster and
More
Pervasive

More
Secure

Ease
At Home

More
Deployable
and
Manageable


January 27, 2005
Video

January 27, 2005
5
Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
Wi-Media,
BTSIG, MBOA
WAN
MAN
LAN
PAN
ETSI
HiperPAN
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRAN
HiperLAN2
IEEE 802.16d
WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN &
HIPERACCESS
IEEE 802.20
IEEE 802.16e
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
GSMA, OMA
Sensors
IEEE 802.15.4
(Zigbee Alliance)
RFID
(AutoID Center)
I
E
E
E

8
0
2
.
2
1
,

I
E
E
E

8
0
2
.
1
8

8
0
2
.
1
9

RAN
IEEE 802.22
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January 27, 2005
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Growing 802.11 Standards
802.11
11a
11b
11c
11d
11e
11g
11h
11i
11j
11k
11n
11ma
11f
11u
.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p
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January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Industry Status
Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.
Choice split between .11a or .11g
Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly;
.11b only devices on steep decline
Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical
enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r
Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);
security deployment issues being addressed
Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical
to carriers & ISPs
Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong
proposals
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January 27, 2005
What is the situation?
Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new
infrastructure
Justified ROI
Saves on infrastructure & real estate
Improves productivity in manufacture plants
Allows flexible employee work practices
Concerned 802.11 security is not
adequate
Compensates for limits of current technology
Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2
Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X
Concerned 802.11 standards
unstable (11a, 11b, 11g)
Deployed what meets current needs
Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n
Concerned about managing another
network & provisioning users
Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking
Deployments are tightly controlled
Not a show stopper compared to ROI

Waiting for the benefits to outweigh
the risks
Looking forward to making strategic investments
VoIP & video streaming
New customer services & products
9

January 27, 2005
Technology Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee
LAN for
Enterprise
- - - - - -
LAN for
Home
- - - - - -
Home
multiple A/V
distribution
- (audio
streaming)
- - -
Backhauling
and last mile
Propriet
ary soln
- - - - -
Wide Area
Mobility
- - - - -

Cable/device
Replacement
- - - -
Mesh
Networking
Enterp/
Home/N
Neighbor-
hood Mesh
Home
Mesh
- - - -
Sensor
Networking
- - - - - -
Inventory
Control
-

-

-

-

Auto PC - -
Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios

January 27, 2005
802.11 n and all that jazz
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January 27, 2005
What do Home users want?
Range: reliable wireless networking throughout
the home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for
high quality audio and video

Throughput!
HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)
HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
Next generation Media Center will support 2
concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4
concurrent streaming
For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture,
and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is
easily consumed


January 27, 2005
12
Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for
the first time in 2004
2.8
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.2
0.7
2.6
4.6
6.9
9
11.3
12.3
13.6
0.9
14.3
10.7
12.5
13.2
9.3
5.4
7.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Wired Only Wireless Total Purchase
U
S

H
o
m
e

N
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g

P
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
s

(in millions)
Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only)
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January 27, 2005
What do service providers need?
Highest possible consumer satisfaction
consumers will blame the Service Provider

QoS is primary requirement video and high
throughput (mobile) data sessions

Management capability to the devices

Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh

High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
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January 27, 2005
What would make IT Pro excited?
High return on investment
High level of security
Ease of deployment
Manageability of clients and APs
Diagnosis
Highly available networking

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January 27, 2005
Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics
Application Examples Type Rate Duration/
volume
Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for
commercial & domestics use
Constant
(low jitter)
27 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and
domestic use
Constant
(low jitter)
6 Mbps Hours
Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant
(low jitter)
2 Mbos < 1 hr
Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet
Browsing, Email
Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr
Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant
with
intervals
.2 MB/s 1 min 1
hr
Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer,
media transfer
Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB 10
GB

General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance
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January 27, 2005
IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n
Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher
throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least
100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access
point (SAP)

Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY)
and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are
allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to
support high throughput

Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network
capacity, (peak and average power consumption),
spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and
coexistence (3 channel models)

17

January 27, 2005
Environment Setting
Residential Intra-room, Room to room,
Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-
family dwelling
Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room,
classroom, bus, train
Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office
space
Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library,
Convention Center, factory,
hospital
Channel models
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January 27, 2005
Requirement Description
HT rate supported in 20MHz
channel
at least one mode of operation
supports 100Mbps throughput at
the top of the MAC SAP in a 20
MHz channel
Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands
(including those supported by
.11a)
.11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation
defined in the proposal should be
backwards compatible with .11a
.11g backwards compatibility in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of
operation defined in the proposal
should be backwards compatible
with .11g
Functional requirements of .11n
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January 27, 2005
Requirement Description
.11e QoS support The proposal must permit
implementation of the 802.11e
options within a .11n STA
Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of
the proposal should achieve a
spectral efficiency of at least 3
bps/Hz for the PSDU
Control of support for legacy STA
from .11n AP
A .11n AP can be configured to
reject or accept associations
from legacy STA because they
are legacy STA
Functional requirements of .11n (cont)
Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential

AmerH January 20, 2005
20
Link Level Throughput & Range
Range
80
150
20
25
Throughput
Business
Infotainment
Services
throughput required in typical hotspot settings
21

January 27, 2005
.11 n proposals
32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
TGn Sync
WWISE
Motorola/Mitsubishi
Qualcom
Down select and merger (Jan 05)
TGn Sync
WWISE
Further down select (March 05)

Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
22

January 27, 2005
Roadmap
Activity started in Q4 02
Par/5 Criteria: March 03
Functional Requirements: Nov 03
Usage Models: May 04
Comparison Criteria: May 04
Proposals: Sept 04
convergence, plug fests, beta,
Ratification: Sept 06
Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06
23

January 27, 2005
Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE
Members Agere, Atheros
Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi
Philips, Sony
Toshiba, Qualcom,
Nortel, Samsung,
Marvel, Panasonic,
Tohoku Univ, Nokia,
Infocom Research,
Sanyo
Broadcom, TI,
Airgo Networks,
Conexant, Buffalo,
Ralink, ETRI, HNS,
Realtek, STM,
TrellisWare, Winbond
Electronics
UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz
MAC basic technology accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
accommodate both
EDCA and HCCA
Packet sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs
IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)
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January 27, 2005
Throughput enhancement
Features TGn Sync WWISE
Bandwidth (M) 20MHz mode
(M) 40MHz, whenever
regulatory domain permits this
extension
(M) 20 MHz mode
(O) 40 MHz mode
MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
(M) 2 spatial streams
@ 20MHz mode
Higher code rate (R) (M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8 (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6
Regular coding scheme (M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code
Advanced Coding
scheme
(O) LDPC (O) LDPC
Space Time Block Code (N) (O)
(M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available
Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential

AmerH January 20, 2005
25
P
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+

P
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A-PSDU
Perform
aggregation
Legacy Burst
P
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SIFS SIFS
PSDU1
PSDU2 PSDU3
Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved
Both proposals do some form of aggregation
Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU
26

January 27, 2005
TGn Sync WWiSE
New control frames Y N
New data frame Y N
New mgt frame Y Y
M(P)SDU
Aggregation
Y Y
A-MSDU aggregation N Y
Aggregation
27

January 27, 2005
Wish list!
Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
Use of DFS, TPC, LBT,
Turbo coding
Low gate count (200K), but IPR
High gate count (800K), but no IPR
Space-time block coding (Alamouti)
Provides great performance
Flexible architecture for closed loop
Keep it simple!
28

January 27, 2005
Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary
Technology CY04-CY06
Investments
Challenges
WPAN:
802.15 (UWB),
Bluetooth

BT PAN module
UWB Strategic exploration
Few BT PAN products
No IP over UWB spec
WW regulations for UWB
WLAN:
802.11
Security
WPS
Extensibility
Diagnostics
Group Policy
Fragmented user
experience
Poor penetration in
enterprise
Multiple auth protocols
Several .11n proposals
WiMAX:
802.16
Strategic exploration
Extensibility
802.16e roadmap
29

January 27, 2005
Call to action drive best user experience!

Usability: demand interoperability, and
improved UIs for wireless technologies

Security: demand Standards based security
with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2

Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with
minimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com

January 27, 2005
Backup slides:
Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification
31

January 27, 2005
Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement
Certify the interoperability of products
and services based on IEEE 802.11
technology

Grow the global market for Wi-Fi
CERTIFIED products and services across
all market segments, platforms, and
applications
32

January 27, 2005
New Certificate & Logo
Certificate inside packaging (optional)
Logo on product
packaging (mandatory)
Helps retailers and
consumers


January 27, 2005
33
Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap
Baseline

Security

QoS

Applications

Certification Program Releases

IEEE Standard Releases
Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3
2005
802.11e
WMM
Scheduled Access
Public Access
CE
Phase2
2004
Extended EAP
2006
802.11h+d
Simple Config
Voice/Wi-Fi WCC

802.11j 802.11k
CE
Phase1
WMM Power Save
34

January 27, 2005
Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by
Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Chip Inventory
Access
Points/Gateways/Bridges
Mobile PC
Desktop PC
Consumer Devices
Mobile Devices
Printers/MFPs
Aftermarket USB
Aftermarket PCI
Aftermarket NIC
Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor
Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.

35

January 27, 2005
Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by
Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Dual Band (802.11a+b+g)
802.11a
802.11g
802.11b

36

January 27, 2005
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*
WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
802.11b
802.11g
802.11a
Dual Band
(802.11a+b+g)

*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief
37

January 27, 2005
2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer
Devices by Application (n = $611 M)
1.3%
10.0%
11.5%
12.1%
65.1%
Gaming
Consoles/Handhelds
Digital TV
DVD Players
Digital
Cameras/Camcorders
Compressed Audio Players

Wireless Technologies and .11n

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January 27, 2005

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