IEEE 802.11 Technologies Amer Hassan, Architect amerh@microsoft.com 2 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 3 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 The Vision Dream Network Pervasive Collaborative Computing
Faster and More Pervasive
More Secure
Ease At Home
More Deployable and Manageable
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Video Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 5 Wireless Standards IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA WAN MAN LAN PAN ETSI HiperPAN IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2 IEEE 802.16d WiMAX ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e 3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA Sensors IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance) RFID (AutoID Center) I E E E
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RAN IEEE 802.22 6 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Wi-Fi Industry Status Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between .11a or .11g Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2); security deployment issues being addressed Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong proposals 8 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 What is the situation? Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-Fi Unable to justify ROI of a new infrastructure Justified ROI Saves on infrastructure & real estate Improves productivity in manufacture plants Allows flexible employee work practices Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate Compensates for limits of current technology Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2 Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X Concerned 802.11 standards unstable (11a, 11b, 11g) Deployed what meets current needs Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking Deployments are tightly controlled Not a show stopper compared to ROI
Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks Looking forward to making strategic investments VoIP & video streaming New customer services & products 9 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Technology Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth 3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee LAN for Enterprise - - - - - - LAN for Home - - - - - - Home multiple A/V distribution - (audio streaming) - - - Backhauling and last mile Propriet ary soln - - - - - Wide Area Mobility - - - - -
Auto PC - - Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 802.11 n and all that jazz 11 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 What do Home users want? Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video
Throughput! HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2) HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2) Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 12 Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004 2.8 2.7 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.7 2.6 4.6 6.9 9 11.3 12.3 13.6 0.9 14.3 10.7 12.5 13.2 9.3 5.4 7.3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Wired Only Wireless Total Purchase U S
H o m e
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(in millions) Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only) 13 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 What do service providers need? Highest possible consumer satisfaction consumers will blame the Service Provider
QoS is primary requirement video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions
Management capability to the devices
Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh
High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation 14 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 What would make IT Pro excited? High return on investment High level of security Ease of deployment Manageability of clients and APs Diagnosis Highly available networking
15 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics Application Examples Type Rate Duration/ volume Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for commercial & domestics use Constant (low jitter) 27 Mbps Hours Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and domestic use Constant (low jitter) 6 Mbps Hours Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant (low jitter) 2 Mbos < 1 hr Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet Browsing, Email Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant with intervals .2 MB/s 1 min 1 hr Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer, media transfer Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB 10 GB
General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance 16 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP)
Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput
Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)
17 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Environment Setting Residential Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multi- family dwelling Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room, classroom, bus, train Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office space Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library, Convention Center, factory, hospital Channel models 18 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Requirement Description HT rate supported in 20MHz channel at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a) .11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a .11g backwards compatibility in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11g Functional requirements of .11n 19 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Requirement Description .11e QoS support The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU Control of support for legacy STA from .11n AP A .11n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA Functional requirements of .11n (cont) Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential
AmerH January 20, 2005 20 Link Level Throughput & Range Range 80 150 20 25 Throughput Business Infotainment Services throughput required in typical hotspot settings 21 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 .11 n proposals 32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04) TGn Sync WWISE Motorola/Mitsubishi Qualcom Down select and merger (Jan 05) TGn Sync WWISE Further down select (March 05)
Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync 22 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Roadmap Activity started in Q4 02 Par/5 Criteria: March 03 Functional Requirements: Nov 03 Usage Models: May 04 Comparison Criteria: May 04 Proposals: Sept 04 convergence, plug fests, beta, Ratification: Sept 06 Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06 23 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE Members Agere, Atheros Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Philips, Sony Toshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo Broadcom, TI, Airgo Networks, Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, TrellisWare, Winbond Electronics UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz MAC basic technology accommodate both EDCA and HCCA accommodate both EDCA and HCCA Packet sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE) 24 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Throughput enhancement Features TGn Sync WWISE Bandwidth (M) 20MHz mode (M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension (M) 20 MHz mode (O) 40 MHz mode MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode Higher code rate (R) (M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8 (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6 Regular coding scheme (M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code Advanced Coding scheme (O) LDPC (O) LDPC Space Time Block Code (N) (O) (M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential
AmerH January 20, 2005 25 P r e a m b l e
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SIFS SIFS PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3 Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved Both proposals do some form of aggregation Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU 26 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 TGn Sync WWiSE New control frames Y N New data frame Y N New mgt frame Y Y M(P)SDU Aggregation Y Y A-MSDU aggregation N Y Aggregation 27 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Wish list! Coexistence through Spectrum sharing Use of DFS, TPC, LBT, Turbo coding Low gate count (200K), but IPR High gate count (800K), but no IPR Space-time block coding (Alamouti) Provides great performance Flexible architecture for closed loop Keep it simple! 28 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary Technology CY04-CY06 Investments Challenges WPAN: 802.15 (UWB), Bluetooth
BT PAN module UWB Strategic exploration Few BT PAN products No IP over UWB spec WW regulations for UWB WLAN: 802.11 Security WPS Extensibility Diagnostics Group Policy Fragmented user experience Poor penetration in enterprise Multiple auth protocols Several .11n proposals WiMAX: 802.16 Strategic exploration Extensibility 802.16e roadmap 29 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Call to action drive best user experience!
Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies
Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2
Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference amerh@microsoft.com Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Backup slides: Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification 31 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802.11 technology
Grow the global market for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED products and services across all market segments, platforms, and applications 32 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 New Certificate & Logo Certificate inside packaging (optional) Logo on product packaging (mandatory) Helps retailers and consumers
Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 33 Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap Baseline
Security
QoS
Applications
Certification Program Releases
IEEE Standard Releases Q1 Q2 Q4 Q3 2005 802.11e WMM Scheduled Access Public Access CE Phase2 2004 Extended EAP 2006 802.11h+d Simple Config Voice/Wi-Fi WCC
802.11j 802.11k CE Phase1 WMM Power Save 34 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Chip Inventory Access Points/Gateways/Bridges Mobile PC Desktop PC Consumer Devices Mobile Devices Printers/MFPs Aftermarket USB Aftermarket PCI Aftermarket NIC Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
January 27, 2005 WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard* WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a Dual Band (802.11a+b+g) Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief 37 Windows Networking and Device Technologies
January 27, 2005 2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M) 1.3% 10.0% 11.5% 12.1% 65.1% Gaming Consoles/Handhelds Digital TV DVD Players Digital Cameras/Camcorders Compressed Audio Players Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.