The Path to Net Zero

Energy Buildings
Arkansas Chapter ASHRAE
February 2008
Bill Harrison
Total Energy Consumption
United States
Transportation
28%
Buildings
40%
Industrial
32%
World Marketed Energy
Consumption
Quadrillion Btu
History Projections
Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual Report 2004
Global Energy Consumption
4.52
2.7
2.96
0.286
1.21
0.286
0.828
0
1
2
3
4
5
TW
Oil Coal Biomass Nuclear
Total: 12.8 TW U.S.: 3.3 TW (99 Quads)
Hydro Renew Gas
The Rising Cost of Oil
0
20
40
60
80
100
$ Per Barrel
1960 1970 1974
1991 1996 2000
2005 2007 2008
World Energy Consumption
Net-Zero-Energy
Buildings
Buildings which, on
an annual basis, use
no more energy than
is provided by on-site
renewable energy
sources.
Energy Terms
Energy Use Intensity: BTU/Sq.
Ft./Year
CBECS: Commercial Building Energy
Consumption Survey
DOE Determination: Modeled
predicted performance of a building
designed in compliance with ASHRAE
Std. 90.1
Site versus Source
CBECS
Snapshot of entire commercial sector as
of a certain date (done every 4 years
1999, 2003, 2007)
Data masked to protect privacyno
real locations, no real areas, skewed
number of floors
Lots of detail about building
composition (but it is self-reported)
Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Relative EUI Values
All are site values in BTU / Square Foot / Year
91,000: 2003 CBECS data
47,000 - 50,000: Probable 90.1-
2004 Determination Number
36,000: Target for 90.1-2010
25,000: Energy Efficient Building
0: Net Zero Energy Building -
Requires renewable energy (PV,
Wind)
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
36000
Year
E
n
e
r
g
y

(
k
B
t
u
/
y
r
)
ASHRAE BOD Goal
Standard 90.1 Standard 90.1
Standard 189 Standard 189
AEDG AEDG
Energy Reduction Proposal
Implications for Building
Designers
Absolute requirement to incorporate
energy efficiency into all of our
designs
Better use of tools to predict energy
use in buildings
Use of life cycle costing
Learning to communicate the
message to owners and their agents


Architecture 2030 Challenge
Architecture 2030 Challenge target:

in 2007 all new buildings and major
renovations shall be designed to use
50% of the regional average for that
building type, on fossil fuel reduction
basis (2030 is on carbon basis)
Target increases to 60% in 2010 and by 10% for each
5 years thereafter until in 2030 all new and renovated
building designs will be carbon neutral (using no net
fossil fuel energy to operate)
AIA Green Building Coalition
0
20
40
60
80
100
CBECS 2015 2030
EUI
Adopted the Architecture
2030 Challenge
AIA
U.S. Green Building
Council
ASHRAE

Adopted CBECS Baseline
Practical Energy Measures
Building orientation
Daylighting
Improved envelope thermal
performance
Cool roof
External overhang or shading
Continuous air barrier


Integrated Design
Architect, HVAC, lighting and
electrical, interior design, landscape
architecture
Establish energy budget during
conceptual design phase of project
Monitor energy impact of building
decisions
Future: Building Information
Modeling
Energy Modeling
Manufacturers programs
Energy Plus
www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ener
gyplus
eQuest
www.doe2.com/equest/
DOE-2.1E
www.gundog.lbl.gov/dirsoft/d2whatis.html
Reference Sources
US Department of Energy
www.energy.gov
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Great case studies
www.nrel.gov
EPA
www.epa.gov
ASHRAE
www.engineeringforsustainability.org
Case Study Buildings
Oberlin College Lewis Center
Oberlin, Ohio
goal: zero net site energy use (79%)
Zion Visitor Center
Springdale, UT
goal: 70% energy cost savings (65%)
Cambria Office Building
Ebensburg, PA
goal: 66% energy cost savings (43%)
Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF)
Annapolis, MD
goal: LEED 1.0 Platinum Rating (25%)
Thermal Test Facility (TTF)
Golden, CO
goal: 70% energy savings (51%)
BigHorn Home Improvement
Silverthorne, CO
goal: 60% energy cost savings (53%)
Science House, Science Museum of Minnesota
St. Paul, Minnesota
goal: zero net site energy use (139%)
0
0% 100%
Source Energy Savings (%)
T
o
t
a
l

A
n
n
u
a
l

C
o
s
t
s

(
$
/
y
e
a
r
)

Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)
utility bills
cash flow
1
2
The Path to a Net Zero Building
Sustainability Standards
90.1-2010 Prescriptive and Performance
189.1P High Performance Green
Buildings
189.2P High Performance Green
Healthcare Facilities
191P - Water Conservation Standard
Advanced Energy Design
Guides
AEDG for K-12 School
Buildings
30% savings over 90.1-
1999
Distributed to 14,000 school
administrators
All AEDG available for free
download

www.ashrae.org
ASHRAE GreenGuide
Second Edition
Step-by-step manual for the
entire building lifecycle
Construction, operation,
maintenance, and eventual
demolition
Techniques applicable to
related technical disciplines
29 "Green Tips"
Case studies, checklists, and
other practical information
High Performing Buildings
Launched November 2007
Case Studies
Lessons Learned
Hot and Humid Design
Guide
Published January 2008
First Edition
Summary
Energy Efficiency is imperative set a
target energy budget, talk about EUI
Make energy modeling a standard step in
design process track EUI changes
Communicate with owners and agents
Document efficiency measures to transmit
to building operators