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Database Management

System

SAP

Copyrights© 2007
Amplify Department of
Information Technology
What is Data?

 By Data we mean the known fact that


can be recorded and that has a
meaning.
 Meaningful facts, text, graphics,

images, sound, video segments that


can be recorded and that have implicit
meaning.

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is Database?

 DATABASE: An organized body of related


information.
 Database is an organized collection of
related information.
 A database is a collection of information
stored in a computer in a systematic way,
such that a computer program can consult it
to answer questions.

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
A database is a collection of data
that is organized so that its
contents can easily be accessed,
managed and updated.
 Eg:

 College Database, Hospital

Database, Enterprise database


etc.
SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
College Database

Student Faculty

Subject Books

Subject_allocation

Stream course

Batch Attendance data

Marks

SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
Hospital Database

Doctors
Patient

Equipments Employees

Duties Batch

SAP
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Amplify School of
Information Technology
Enterprise Database

Employees Materials

Customers
Vendors

Sales Order
Purchase Order

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is DBMS?

 The software used to manage and query a


database is known as a database
management system (DBMS).
 Database management system is the
collection of inter-related data and the way
of managing data in the database.

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
Applications of DBMS
 Banking: for customers information, accounts, loans and
banking transactions
 Airlines: for reservations and schedule information
 Universities: for student information, course registration and
grades
 Credits and transactions: for purchases on credit card and
generating monthly bills, maintaining balances
 Finance
 Sales
 Online retailers
 Manufacturing
 Human resources

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is RDBMS?

 It is one of the type of DBMS.


 In this information is stored in the form of
tables.
 In this tables are related with each other
using primary key and foreign key relations.
 Oracle is example of RDBMS.

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
What is SQL?
 SQL stands for Structured Query Language
 SQL allows you to access a database
 SQL is an ANSI standard computer language
 SQL can execute queries against a database
 SQL can retrieve data from a database
 SQL can insert new records in a database
 SQL can delete records from a database
 SQL can update records in a database
 SQL is easy to learn

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
SQL commands are divided into 4
category

SQL commands

DDL DML DCL TCL

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
DDL
 Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are
used to define the database structure or schema.
 Some examples are:
 CREATE - to create objects in the database
 ALTER - alters the structure of the database
 DROP - delete objects from the database
 TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all
spaces allocated for the records are removed
 COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
 RENAME - rename an object

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
DML
 Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
are used for managing data within schema
objects.
 Some examples:
 SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
 INSERT - insert data into a table
 UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
 DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space
for the records remain
 MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
DCL
 Data Control Language (DCL)
statements. Some examples:
 GRANT - gives user's access
privileges to database.
 REVOKE - withdraw access
privileges given with the GRANT
command.
SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology
TCL
 Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used
to manage the changes made by DML
statements.
 It allows statements to be grouped together
into logical transactions.
 Some Examples are:
 COMMIT - save work done
 SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to
which you can later roll back
 ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the
last COMMIT

SAP
Copyrights© 2007
Amplify School of
Information Technology

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