DURHAM CATHEDRAL

General Information

Function / usage: Cathedral
Built: 1093 - 1280
Status: in use
Geographic Information & Related Structures

Location: Durham, County Durham, North East England, England,
United Kingdom, Europe
Next to Durham Castle
DURHAM CATHEDRAL
PLAN: LATIN CROSS STYLE,
GOTHIC
The two sketches above show the difference between a rib vault and a
groin vault. The shaded areas of the rib vault are the key structural
elements, while the unshaded areas are fillers. The combination of the
pointed arches and the ribs enable greater height to be achieved than in
a groin vault of roughly the same size.
THE PALM HOUSE
Architecture
Decimus
Burton
(architect)
Richard
Turner
(architect)
General Information

Function / usage: Green house
Built: 1844 - 1848
Status: in use
Geographic Information & Related Structures

Location: Kew, Richmond upon Thames, London, England, United
Kingdom, Europe
Part of:
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Chronology

3 January 2003
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew are officially inscribed on the list of World
Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
THE PALM HOUSE

While the design of the Palm House was Burton's, the
extraordinary engineering and construction work was very much
Richard Turner's. The technology was borrowed from
shipbuilding and it can be seen that the design is essentially an
upturned hull.
The unprecedented use of light but strong wrought iron 'ship's
beams' made the great open span possible, giving room for the
unhindered growth of tall specimen palms.
For its tropical plants, the Palm House needed heat. Originally,
the boilers were in the basement, heating water pipes under iron
gratings on which the plants stood in great teak tubs, or in clay
pots on benches.
The smoke from the boilers was led away through pipes in a
tunnel under the Palm House Pond to the elegant Italianate
Campanile smoke stack 150 m (490 ft) away. The tunnel also
housed a small railway which transported coal the the Palm
House boilers.
However, the basement flooded in 1848, it took several years to
lower the level of the water by pumps. In 1853 the floor level of
the boiler room was raised, which had the unfortunate effect of
reducing the amount of draught to the flues, badly affecting the
efficiency of the heating system and making some parts of the
Palm House too cold.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PALM HOUSE
ZARZUELA HIPPODROME
Architecture
Carlos Arniches
(architect)
Martn Dominguez
(architect)
Engineering
Eduardo Torroja
(engineer)
General Information

Structural Type: Horizontal cantilever structure
Function / usage: Horse race course / track
Other name(s): Hipdromo de la Zarzuela
Completed in: 1935
Status: in use
Geographic Information & Related Structures

Location: Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Europe
ZARZUELA HIPPODROME
CMIT EXPOSITION PALACE
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
Architecture
Gunnar Birkerts
Architects Inc.
Gunnar Birkerts
(architect)

Structural engineering
Leslie E. Robertson &
Associates, R.L.L.P.
General Information

Structural Type: Cable-supported structure
Function / usage: Office building
Other name(s): Marquette Plaza
Completed in: 1973
Status: in use
Geographic Information & Related Structures

Location: Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota, USA, North
America

Technical Information
Dimensions
height 67 m
number of floors (above ground) 13
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
BANK OF CHINA
Architecture
I. M. Pei and Associates
I. M. Pei (architect)

Structural engineering
Leslie E. Robertson & Associates, R.L.L.P.
Leslie Earl Robertson (structural engineer)

Contractor
Kumagai Gumi (Hong Kong) Ltd.

Mechanical & electrical engineering
Jaros Baum & Bolles
General Information

Function / usage: Office building
Built: 1985 - 1990
Status: in use

Geographic Information & Related Structures
Location: Central, Central and Western, Hong Kong, China, Asia
Address: 1 Garden Road / 2A Des Voeux Road
Coordinates: 22 16' 45.00" N 114 9' 41.00" E
BANK OF CHINA