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Web GIS

Muhammad Haris
Lecturer GIS Center PUCIT
Basics
Programming
Desktop , Web , Mobile
SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
Client- Server
1 tier , 2 tier, 3 tier , n-tier
http://blog.simcrest.com/what-is-3-tier-architecture-and-why-do-you-need-it/
Thick client vs Thin client
Desktop(thick/fat) (e.g. Yahoo Messenger, Google Earth)
Web (thin) (e.g. web-browsers; IE, FireFox, Chrome, Facebook Chat)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_client
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_client
http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2006/thin_client_applications.asp
Miscellaneous
Tier vs Layer
Web: LAN/WAN , Internet, Website, Webpages
Protocols: Internet => TCP/IP , Web => HTTP

Todays Contents
3 - Tier Client-Server Architecture
Client (Front End, Presentation Tier)
Server (Application or Business Tier)
Database (Data source tier)









Concepts
Browser, Server Software,
URL (Static vs Dynamic)

Links open in Internet Explorer only !!!
http://webgisdev.com/web2/web2_files/frame.htm (Dynamic and Static URL)
http://webgisdev.com/webpro/web2/wpro2_files/frame.htm (Client-Server)

Client Server DB
HTML. CSS, Javascript,
AJAX, JQuery
PHP, JSP, ASP
Orcale, MySQL, PostGres
(SQL Language)
SOA and Web Services
Service Oriented Architecture
Example: Viewing an online bank-statement, or placing an online booking or
airline ticket order. Use defined protocols that describe how one or more services
can "talk" to each other.
A Web service is a method of communications between two electronic devices
over a network


Bank Providing
Online Bank Statement Service Clients Using the Bank Service
Web Service
Geospatial Web services are the services which deals
with geographic information.

These web services can do the following:
Provide access to geographic information stored in a database.
Perform geographic computations, for example:
find the area of land parcels
Distance between two points on a path etc.

Geospatial Web Services
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an organization that helps in
providing open standards for geospatial data and services.

Some basic and important standards provided by OGC are:
Services:
Web Mapping Services(WMS)
Web Feature Services(WFS)
Web Coverage Services(WCS)
Web Processing Services (WPS)
Data:
Geographic Markup Language (GML)
Keyhole Markup Language (KML)

Note: All these services part of Map Container and hence a Web Mapping Server.
OGC Standards For Web GIS
Web Mapping Server
Client DB
Web
Container
Map
Container
Browser
(Chrome, Firefox)
Web Server
(Apache, IIS)
Database Server
(MySql, Postgres)
Map Container
( GeoServer, ArcGIS server)
Mapping Concept
An Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service (WMS)
produces maps of spatially referenced data dynamically from
geographic information.

This international standard defines a "map" to be a portrayal
of geographic information as a digital image file suitable for
display on a computer screen.
WMS
WMS specifies a number of different request types, two of which are
required by any WMS server:
GetCapabilities - returns parameters about the WMS and the available layers
GetMap - with parameters provided, returns a map image
Request types that WMS providers may optionally support include:
GetFeatureInfo
DescribeLayer
GetLegendGraphic
Format of Images returned by WMS
JPEG
GIF
SVG
PNG
Parameters of WMS Service
Parameters of GetMap Request
Important Parameters
Request
getMap
Layers
One or more layer name separated with comma
Bbox
MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY
Format
Image/jpeg
Image/gif
Image/png
Width & Height of Image
Optional Parameters
SRS
Input in EPSG codes like EPSG:4326 for WGS84 and EPSG:32643 for UTM Zone 43N
Example:
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms?bbox=-130,24,-
66,50&styles=population&Format=image/png&request=G
etMap&layers=topp:states&width=550&height=250&srs=E
PSG:4326



Parameters of GetLegendGraphics
Important Parameters
Request
GetLegendGraphics
Format
Image/gif
Image/jpeg
Image/png
Layer
Layername
Width & Height
Optional Parameters
Version
1.0.0
Example
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms?REQUEST=GetLegendGraphic&VERSION
=1.0.0&FORMAT=image/png&WIDTH=20&HEIGHT=20&LAYER=topp:states

Parameters of Describe Layer
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms?request=Des
cribeLayer&version=1.1.1&layers=topp:states
Parameters of Get Feature Info
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms?bbox=-130,24,-66,50 &
info_format=text/plain & request=GetFeatureInfo &
layers=topp:states&query_layers=topp:states & width=550
&height=250&x=170&y=160
The Open Geospatial Consortium Web Feature Service
Interface Standard (WFS) provides an interface allowing
requests for geographical features across the web using
platform-independent calls.
The XML-based GML furnishes the default payload-encoding
for transporting the geographic features, but other formats
like shape files can also serve for transport.
WFS
The WFS standard defines interfaces and operations for data
access and manipulation on a set of geographic features,
including:

Get or Query features based on spatial and non-spatial
constraints
Create a new feature instance
Get a description of the properties of features
Delete a feature instance
Update a feature instance
Lock a feature instance
.WFS.
WFS Request
Common Request
GetCapabilities
GetFeature
GetFeatureMultiFilter
GetFeatureIntersects
GetFeatureBBox
GetFeatureFid
Transaction Request
TransactionDelete
TransactionInsert
TransactionUpdate

GetFeature without filter
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wfs?request=
GetFeature&version=1.1.0&typeName=topp:s
tates&formatName=GML2
WFS With Filter
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wfs?request=
GetFeature&version=1.1.0&typeName=topp:s
tates&formatName=GML2&FILTER=<ogc:Filter
xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"><o
gc:PropertyIsGreaterThan><ogc:Div><ogc:Pro
pertyName>MANUAL</ogc:PropertyName><o
gc:PropertyName>WORKERS</ogc:PropertyNa
me></ogc:Div><ogc:Literal>0.25</ogc:Literal>
</ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan></ogc:Filter>

The OpenGIS Web Coverage Service Interface
Standard (WCS) defines a standard interface and
operations that enables interoperable access to
geospatial "coverages"

The term "grid coverages" typically refers to content
such as satellite images, digital aerial photos, digital
elevation data, and other phenomena represented
by values at each measurement point.
WCS
The basic Web Coverage Service allows querying and retrieval
of coverages.

A WCS describes discovery, query, or data transformation
operations. The client generates the request and posts it to a
web feature server using HTTP. The web feature server then
executes the request. The WCS specification uses HTTP as the
distributed computing platform, although this is not a hard
requirement.
.WCS.
provides an interface allowing requests for geographical coverages
The coverages are objects (or images) in a geographical area
Data may be available in several formats, such as DTED(Digital Terrain
Elevation Data), Geo TIFF, HDF-EOS (Hierarchical Data Format ),
or NITF ( National Imagery Transmission Format).

Several types of data layers are supported:
series of points, such as locations of samples
regular grid of pixels or points, which might represent a photo
set of segmented curves, often used for road paths
set of Thiessen polygons, used to analyse spatially distributed data such as
rainfall measurements
triangulated irregular network(TIN), often used for terrain models


WCS Data
Request
GetCapabilities
GetCoverage
DescribeCoverage
HTML Practice
Note: These WebPages opens only in Internet Explorer

HTML Layouts
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_layout.asp

HTML Lecture 1: HTML Basics
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/html1/index.htm

HTML Lecture 2: Using Tables
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/html2/index.htm

HTML Lecture 3: Frames
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/html4/index.htm

HTML Lecture 4: Forms
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/html4/index.htm

Assignments
CMS Interface

JavaScript Practice
Note: These WebPages opens only in Internet Explorer

JavaScript Lecture 1: Getting Started
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/js1/index.htm

JavaScript Lecture 2: Events(and Exercises)
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/js2/index.htm

JavaScript Lecture 3: Document Object Model
http://www.webgisdev.com/webpro/js3/index.htm


JavaScript Events:
http://webgisdev.com/webpro/js2/eventtbl.htm

HTML DOM (Complete Reference)
http://webgisdev.com/webpro/js3/index.htm

Assignment JavaScript Calculator
http://webgisdev.com/webpro/3labb.htm

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