Experimental Study on Concrete

using Steel slag as Partial

Replacement of Fine Aggregate


Guided by Project Member
Mr. M.Dhinakar B.E,(M.Tech) M.Ganeshmoorthi
Pro-Term Lect/CIVIL S.Sakthivel
N.Jagadesh

Concrete is the third largest material consumed by
human beings after food and water.
Environment of this only living planet is wary of
pollution due to emissions of a host of green
house gases from industrial processes.
Due to demand for reducing overexploitation of
the natural quarries, the use of the by-products
from different industries has become an
increasing practice in the sustainable construction
industry.
ABSTRACT
Steel slag concrete mixes have very high
stabilities and satisfactory flows and
excellent stripping resistance.
Steel slag used as surface course has good
wear and skid resistance.
Steel slag mixes have good heat retention
and compatibility.
When in contact with moisture, steel slag has
a potentially expansive nature up to 10%
attributed to the hydration of the free Cao
and magnesium hydrates.
STEEL SLAG
GENERAL SCHEMATIC VIEW OF BLAST
FURNACE OPERATION AND SLAG
PRODUCTION

LITERATURES REVIEW
USE OF FURNACE SLAG AND WELDING SLAG
AS REPLACEMENT FOR SAND IN CONCRETE
Sreekrishnaperumal Thanga Ramesh*
In this project, a study was made to obtain low cost building
materials using industrial wastes (welding and furnace slags).
Different fine aggregate replacements have been studied by
substituting 5%, 10%, and 15% of slag.
Experimental studies were conducted only on plain cement concrete.
The preliminary studies were conducted by mixing the slag with the
cement concrete cubes of standard sizes.
The optimum compressive strength of concretes after 28 days has
been found to be 41 N/mm2 for 5% welding slag and 39.7 N/mm2
for 10% furnace slag replacements.
2.CONCRETE CONTAINING STEEL SLAG
AGGREGATE: PERFORMANCE AFTER HIGH
TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE
Netinger : Faculty of Civil Engineering, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Osijek, Croatia.
Due to demand for reducing overexploitation of the natural quarries,
the use of the by-products from different industries has become an
increasing practice in the sustainable construction industry.
Steelmaking slags are composed principally of calcium silicates,
calcium aluminof- errites, and fused calcium oxides, iron,
magnesium, and manganese.
Organic, semi-volatile and volatile compounds are not present in the
steel slag due to the fact that they are made at high temperatures
dur- ing production process.
Steel slag is generated as a melt at about 1600C during steelmaking
from hot metal in the amount of 15%20% per equivalent unit of
steel.
The function of this slag is to refine the steel of sulphur and to
absorb the oxides formed as a result of deoxidation during steel
production.
3.STUDY ON THE PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE
AGGREGATE USING INDUCTION FURNACE SLAG
Ansu John and Elson John
Department of Civil Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam,
India.
In this study the compressive strength characteristics of mortar and
concrete made with partial replacement of fine aggregate using
induction furnace slag was considered.
The aggregates occupy almost 70-75 percent of the total volume of
concrete.
The civil engineering construction particularly in the field of
reinforced concrete has increased and as a consequence the
availability of aggregate has reduced by a large amount, which has
led to hike in its cost.
To meet the global demand of concrete in the future, it is becoming
a challenging task to find suitable alternative construction materials
which can fully or partially replace the natural aggregate without
affecting the property of concrete.
METHODOLOGY
Material Collection
Study of property
Mix Design(M30)
Casting of Specimen with
various mix proportion
25%, 50%, 75%
Mechanical properties of
various mix
Comparison of
result
TEST ON MATERIALS
1.Test on cement
Specific gravity of cement =3.15
2.Test on coarse aggregate
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate =2.70
Water absorption of coarse aggregate =2.6%
3.Test on fine aggregate
Specific gravity of fine aggregate =2.68
Water absorption of fine aggregate =2.5%
4.Test on steel slag
Specific gravity =3.2-3.6
Water absorption =up to 3%
MIX PROPORTIONS FOR ONE CUM OF
CONCRETE







1.Mass of Cement : 415 kg/m
3

2.Mass of Water : 186 lit/m
3

3.Mass of Fine Aggregate : 750 kg/m
3

4.Mass of Coarse Aggregate : 1125 kg/m
3

5.Water Cement Ratio : 0.45


CEMENT F.A C.A WATER
CEMENT
RATIO
1 1.80 2.7 0.45
CALCULATION
Comparison of Compressive strength
% of Steel slag
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
7 days
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
14 days
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
28 days
0% 10.43 20.36 31.25
25% 9.77 19.70 30.22
50% 7.70 15.40 24.73
75% 4.59 10.95 19.84
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 7 DAYS
10.43
9.77
7.7
4.59
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
v
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

7

d
a
y
s

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 14 DAYS
20.36
19.7
15.4
10.95
0
5
10
15
20
25
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
v
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

1
4

d
a
y
s

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 28 DAYS
31.25
30.22
24.73
19.84
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
v
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

2
8

d
a
y
s

CALCULATION
Comparison of Split tensile strength
% of Steel slag
Average Split
Tensile
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
7 days
Average Split
tensile
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
14 days
Average Split
tensile
Strength
(N/mm
2
) at
28 days
0% 2.30 3.95 5.60
25% 2.26 3.67 5.37
50% 1.69 3.06 4.57
75% 1.27 2.40 3.91
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH AT 7 DAYS
2.30
2.26
1.69
1.27
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
S
p
l
i
t

t
e
n
s
i
l
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

7

d
a
y
s

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH AT 14 DAYS
3.95
3.67
3.06
2.4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
S
p
l
i
t

t
e
n
s
i
l
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

1
4

d
a
y
s

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH AT 28 DAYS
5.6
5.37
4.57
3.91
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
C.C SSC 25% SSC 50% SSC 75%
S
p
l
i
t

t
e
n
s
i
l
e

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h


N
/
m
m
2

@

2
8


d
a
y
s

CONCLUSION
Material properties are studied based on the literatures
collected and the optimum mixture proportions are determined
by preparing a number of trial mixtures by varying proportions
of ingredients.
In this mix proportions for the partial replacement of fine
aggregate with steel slag are arrived.
And their performances of strength basis are determined. For
their results, the ratios of steel slag proportions of mixing of
25%, 50%, 75%.
For these ratios the ratio of 25% of steel slag is good
comparative strength to the conventional concrete.

The ratios of 50% and 75% should give low strength. For this
conclusion the steel slag mixed with the natural sand should be
limited to maximum 25%.
Because the natural river sand is the most important material
that is needed for the construction industry and the value is
more and more day by day.
In order to use the waste steel material to compensate the
usage of needs and economical to the environment.
REFERNCES
BIS: 383 1970, Specification for coarse and fine
aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
BIS: 12269-1987, Specification for 53 Grade
Ordinary Portland Cement.
BIS: 3085-1965,Method of Test Permeability of
Cement Mortar and Concrete.
Lewis. D.W., Properties and Uses of Iron and Steel
Slag, National Slag Association, National Institute
for Transport and Road Research South Africa,
February, 1982, MF 182-6.


CURING OF SPECIMEN
CASTED SPECIMENS FOR TESTING
TESTING OF SPECIMEN
TESTING OF SPECIMEN
THANK YOU