1 33/11 kV substations 8 2 66/33 kV substations 2 3 66/11 kV substation (total) Connected to power plant LILO (big) LILO (small) City type Tail feed type 132 2 20 33 63 14 4 220/66 kV substations Connected to power plant Others 25 5 20 Total 167 Note: Cut off date December 2013 Substation Survey Following substations were survey during data collection stage:
Substation Substation Embassy Hawar Manama Rifaa Rifaa PS Sitra Local Madinat Hamad Mahazza Waterfront Zinj Criteria for ACA - Substations Following criteria is used for substation assessment:
Criteria Criteria Age Technology transfer of equipment Capability of increasing load demand Operational experiences related to faults and failures Physical condition of transformers, switchgear and cables Maintenance records related preventive, regular and emergency Impact of ambient temperature & seasonal variations Condition of inner components (viz. Oil, SF6 gas, protection relays, etc.) Condition of protection, control and monitoring system Availability of spares Expansion plans for the switchgear Accidents such as fire, flood or lightning etc. Failure Causes- Switchgear Causes for the failure of the switchgear are:
Cause Cause Age and number of operations SF6 gas leakages Mechanical problems Frequent short circuit tripping Malfunctioning of protection Failure due to improper cable termination Insulation failure Failure on VT & CT Overloading Technology transfer & spares availability Failure Causes- Transformers Causes for the failure of the transformers are:
Cause Cause Reduction in dielectric strength (due to lightning and switching impulses) Loose connections Reduction in mechanical strength Design drawbacks related to material and workmanship Reduction in thermal integrity (due to heating or overloading) Oil contaminations Moisture Reduction in electromagnetic integrity (due to over excitation and over loading) Fire/Explosion Flood Insulation Failure Improper maintenance/operation Failure Causes- Cables Causes for the failure of the cables are:
Cause Cause Ambient temperature Lightning impulses and other system induced over voltages Overload current beyond rating Excessive tension Moisture and chemicals in contact Mechanical damage Poor temporary splices Type of back fill around direct buried cables or ducts Switching operations Fire accidents Classification for ACA Classification based on Age Substation Age Age by 2015 No. Units Percentage 33/11 kV >45 years 2 1.2 33/11 kV, 66/33 kV >40 years 4 2.4 33/11kV, 66/33 kV, 66/11 kV >35 years 15 9 66/11 kV, 220/66 kV >30 years 22 13.2 66/11 kV, 220/66 kV >25years 13 7.8 66/11 kV >20 years 3 1.8 66/11 kV, 220/66 kV >15 years 6 3.6 33/11kV, 66/11 kV, 220/66 kV <15 years 102 61.2 Total 167 100 EPC for Refurbishment Normal Temp. winding (55K) Above normal temp but below hot spot Temp Above hot spot temp (68 K) Hidd (3) Al Dur (3) Rifaa (2) Rifaa (1) Al Areen (3) Busaitin (1) Amwaj (3) Al Madinah (3) Jasra (2) BFH (3) Buquwwah (3) Madinat Hamad (1) Busaiteen (1) Busaitin (1) Umm Al Hassam (3) Dahiyat Al Seef (1) Dahiyat Al Seef (2) Waterfront (3) Khaleej Al Bahrain (3) Embassy (3) Marsa Al Bahrain (3) Hawar (3) Shamal Al Ali (3) ITN (3) Sitra BSP (1) Jasra (1) Madinat Hamad (2) Manama BSP (3) Sitra BSP (2) EPC for Replacement 1. MOCBs of substations Sitra PS and Umm Al Hassam are to be replaced with SF6. 2. Electromagnetic relays are to be replaced with numerical relays stage by stage. 3. All 220 kV LPOF cables are to be replaced with XLPE. EPC for Retirement 66/33 kV Substation Manama BSP Muharraq N 33/11 kV Substation Bank Hoora Manama South Manama Town Hospital Manama BSP Muharraq C Muharraq N