Object Oriented System Design

Hari Mohan Pandey

Department of Computer Science & Engineering
ASET, Amity University
hmpandey@amity.edu



1
Lecture-7 and 8
Introduction to Class Diagram
Session Objective
Upon completion of this session students will be able to
define and use the following:

1. Class Diagram
2. Implementation of Class Diagram
4. Advantages of Class Diagram
3. Application of Class Diagram




2
Introduction: Class Diagram
Class diagrams model class structure
Class diagram uses design elements such as:
Classes,
Packages and
Objects.

A class diagram is a diagram showing a collection of classes
and interfaces.
Class diagrams are static -- they display what interacts but not
what happens when they do interact.


3
Class Diagram: Example-1
Example: Let us take a class named Student.

The Student class encapsulates student information
(attributes) such as
student id #,
student name, etc.

The Student class also exposes functionality to other classes
by using methods such as
getStudentName(),
getStudentId(), etc..

4
Class Diagram: Example-1 Cont.
The following diagram shows the class
diagram for student class.
5
Class diagrams-Example-2
The class diagram shown models a customer order from a
retail catalog.
The central class is the Order.

Associated with it are the Customer making the purchase and
the Payment.

A Payment is one of three kinds: Cash, Check, or Credit.

The order contains OrderDetails (line items), each with its
associated Item.

6
Class diagrams-Example-2 Cont.
7
Association
What?: Association is a relationship between instances of the
two classes.
When?: There is an association between two classes if an
instance of one class must know about the other in order to
perform its work.
How? In a diagram, an association is a link connecting two
classes.
An association has two ends.
An end may have a role name to clarify the nature of the
association.
For example, an OrderDetail is a line item of each Order.

8
Association Cont.
A navigability arrow on an association shows which direction
the association can be traversed or queried.

An OrderDetail can be queried about its Item, but not the
other way around.

The arrow also lets you know who "owns" the association's
implementation; in this case, OrderDetail has an Item.

Associations with no navigability arrows are bi-directional.

9
Association Cont.
The multiplicity of an association end is the number of
possible instances of the class associated with a single
instance of the other end.

Multiplicities are single numbers or ranges of numbers.

In our example, there can be only one Customer for each
Order, but a Customer can have any number of Orders.

10
Association Cont.

11
Multiplicities Meaning
0..1
zero or one instance. The notation n . . m indicates n to
m instances.
0..* or * no limit on the number of instances (including none).
1 exactly one instance
1..* at least one instance
Aggregation
An association in which one class belongs to a collection.

An aggregation has a diamond end pointing to the part
containing the whole.

In our diagram, Order has a collection of OrderDetails.

12
Aggregation: Example-3

13
Aggregation: Example-4
14
Generalization
An inheritance link indicating one class is a superclass of the
other.

A generalization has a triangle pointing to the superclass.

Payment is a superclass of Cash, Check, and Credit.

15
Generalization: Example-5
16
Class Aggregation

18

Middle East College of Information
Technology, Muscat, Oman
19
Example-6
We have customers who order our products.

We distinguish corporate customers from personal customers,
since corporate customers are billed monthly whereas
personal customers need to prepay their orders.

We want our orders to be lined up product by product.

Each line should contain the amount and the price of each
product

20

21

22

23

24

25
Example-7: Use Case
26
Example- Class Diagram
27
Introduction: Object Diagram
Object diagrams show instances instead of classes.

They are useful for explaining small pieces with complicated
relationships, especially recursive relationships.

Each rectangle in the object diagram corresponds to a single
instance.

Instance names are underlined in UML diagrams.

Class or instance names may be omitted from object
diagrams as long as the diagram meaning is still clear.

28
Object Diagram: Example-8
29
Object Diagram: Example-9
30
Object Diagram: Example-10
31
Object Diagram: Example-11
32
Summary/Conclusion
In this session we studied about
a) Class Diagram
b) Advantages of Class Diagram
c) Class Diagram Relationships
d) Examples to show the implementations
e) We also studied about object diagram and
f) Implementation of object diagrams


33



Thank You!!!
34