Final Evaluation Presentation By:

Chandra Shekhar AEE(P)

Pragyan Sharma AEE(P)
Rajnish Kumar AEE(P)
Suresh Kumar AEE(P)
Vikram Rai AEE(P)

9/9/2014 1 Workover Operations FE Presentation
WORKOVER OPERATIONS
Introduction
A production or injection well may be designed for
maximum efficiency but will always be subjected to
failure or declining performance.
These "failures" can be attributed to either:
Mechanical malfunction or the need for redesign of the
complete equipment to adapt to changing reservoir
conditions
Changes in reservoir performance or flow characteristics
as a result of reservoir dynamics and recovery
mechanism.
In general terms intervention may occur on a
producing or an injecting well and the operation is
normally referred to as a Workover.
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General Approach To Workover
Problems on wells can largely be associated with one of
three areas, namely:-
The reservoir
The completion string
The wellbore
Normally a problem on a production or injection well
is evident by information gathered at surface, in
relation to
Flow rate,
Pressure
Composition & etc.
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Logical Approach To Planning and
Conducting Workover Job
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Types Of Intervention

The failures or the problems occurring in a well can be
either associated with the completion string or the
reservoir.
In general, problems associated with the completion string
can be classified as follows:
Problems which arise in the tubing bore and which can
be corrected by concentric through tubing operations
Problems which necessitate the retrieval of the
completion string from the well.
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Completion String Problems
Internal Tubing Problems

Problems within the bore of the completion string can
be related to:

The failure and necessary retrieval/replacement of
wireline components and coiled tubing
The installation operation of, retrieval or equipment
within the tubing bore
The installation of equipment across the perforated
interval or in the sump of the well to exclude water, gas
or other production problems.
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Tubing Retrieval Problem
There are a large number of problems which may occur on the well
which necessitate tubing retrieval.
These would include :
Mechanical failure of the tubing string, for example a leak or collapse of the tubing
Inability to conduct tubing wireline equipment replacement through the internal
bore of the string due to ID limitations - small tubing size.
The necessary replacement of the completion string by an alternative design, for
example to allow the installation of artificial lift.
The replacement of the tubing string to optimise reservoir performance, for
example to change the tubing string to a smaller size to better accommodate
declining reservoir productivity or increasing water, oil ratio.
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Completion String Problems
Work Over Equipment And Techniques
Internal Through
Tubing Operations
Conventional slick
wireline operations
Through Flow Line
techniques for
application in subsea
wells
Concentric tubing
(CTU)
Tubing Retrieval
Operations
Work over Rig
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Internal Through Tubing Operations
In general terms the
capabilities of
conventional/subsea
wireline and the
Through Flow Line
(TFL) techniques allow
the replacement and
installation of wireline
operated equipment
such as downhole valves,
chokes, regulators and
gauges.
Coiled tubing
operations involve the
insertion mechanically
of a small bore tube
which is unwound
continuously from a reel
and injected into the
well, optionally under
pressure.
Coiled tubing is
available in lengths up
to 22,000 ft of
continuous reel,
depending upon outside
diameter. It is available
in diameters ranging
from less than 1 to 7
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Schematic Of CTU
Coiled tubing can
assist in conducting
the following range of
operations:
Circulation of fluid
placement within the
wellbore
Retrieval and
installation of wireline
or through tubing
equipment
Drilling or milling
operations
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Work Over Jobs
Work over to
reduce water
production in oil
wells.
Work over for
servicing artificial
lift wells
Work over to
reduce/control
gas production.
Work over for
zone transfer
Work over for
sand control
Profile
modification in
WI wells
Deepening of pre
existing well
bores
Fishing and
Milling
Operations
Secondary
cementing jobs,
plugging and
abandonment
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Work Over To Reduce Water Production In
A Well
PLT can help in indicating flow behind casing from a water zone, this
communication can usually be stopped with a low-pressure fluid-loss
cement squeeze and the well can be re-perforated in the desired
interval.

a) Fingering of water: Remedial measures are:

For perforated casing completions , squeeze water producing zone
with a low pressure low fluid loss cement squeeze.
For open hole completion where the lowest zone is producing water, a
plug back is the solution.
If the remaining oil and gas zones are below than the water producing
zone, then it is necessary to put a liner and cement against the water
producing zone to shut off water and then re-complete in the desired
oil or gas producing zone.

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Water Coning
b. Water Coning.

Plug back and re-complete as high above the oil-
water or gas-water contact.
Control of water in high permeability reservoirs
where all zones appear to be producing with a
high water cut and squeeze cementing is
ineffective then it may be practical to produce
the well by high volume pumping or gas lift
with all zone open to the well bore.
A second approach to shut off water by using
gels wherein polymers are pumped into the well
.The gel after coming in contact with water forms
a pancake type barrier to the flow of water owing
to cross linking of polymer molecules and thus
stops water production.

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Work Over to Control Gas Production
A well can produce gas if-
Completed too close to an expanding gas cap , may produce gas
prematurely.
If well produced at too high rate and the gas cones down

The gas can usually be shut off by-
Squeezing off the existing perforation, and perforating lower interval.
Since the GOC will move with production, the well will eventually
starts making gas again.
Oil squeeze Squeeze oil with surfactant-Reduce permeability to gas.
Shut in well near the gas cap by cement squeeze and produce from
further Down.

9/9/2014 14 Workover Operations FE Presentation
Sand Control & Zone Transfer
Work Over For Sand Control
In Unconsolidated or sand prone reservoir sand is deposited near the well
bore, plugged perforation and flow ceased. The remedial measures are:
Produce at control rate.
Gravel packing.
Pre-pack slotted liner.
Sand consolidation with plastic.
Open hole gravel pack job.-Re-entry followed by open hole GP
Testing And ZoneTransfer
Zone testing can be done by :
- Cement plug
- Bridge plug .
A zone once decided to be abandoned is plugged and new zone above
thatzone is perforated and brought in to production.
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Other Work Over Jobs
Servicing Of Wells
Servicing jobs are generally safety related and involve operations such as replacement
of:
Gas lift valves
Sub-surface safety valves
Tubing and packers etc. and
Removal of-Tubing blockage due to sand
Scales
Wax and Paraffin
Problems With Artificial Lift
Problems with Artificial equipments can be ascertained by two- pen recorder,
echo meter survey, dynamometer surveys, ammeter surveys etc. After diagnosis
of the problem the necessary rectification/modification and re-designing the
pump is done and then installation and completion takes place .
Re-Completion
Such operation involve change in completion type such as:
From Single to Dual Completion or vice versa.
Re completing a well with gas lift etc.
The single completions are re completed dually either to avoid cross flow from one
layer to other owing to unequal pressure depletions over the producing life or to
control injection rates in individual layers in an injection well.

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Other Work Over Jobs
Profile Modification In A Water Injection Well
Work over job for profile modification is carried out in water injection wells when
a) Some of the layers are taking either more or less amount of water than desirable.
b) b) A water flow log is used to record the injection profile of all the layers. The
Layers taking more than desired amount are squeezed off with cement. The layers
taking less water are re-perforated or some more layers are added.

Fishing Operation/Drilling and Milling Of Down Hole Tools
And Hole Clearing
Fishing refers to the application of tools, equipment and techniques for the removal
of junk, debris or fish from a well .

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Other Work Over Jobs
Detection, Retrieving & Repair Of Casing.
The detection of damage and point can be ascertained by-
CCL and casing caliper log
Hermetical testing by Packer.
Isotope survey.
Once the casing leakage is detected it can be repaired by:
Cement squeeze job.
Re perforation and block cementation.
Casing patch.
Isolation of leakage by production packer.
In case the casing is totally damage or parted then damage casing above
cement rise can be retrieved and replaced.
Plugging & Abandonment
Plugging & Abandonment job involves abandonment of wells that
have outlived their economic producing lives for ensuring safety
and environmental protection in future.

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Thank You!
9/9/2014 Workover Operations FE Presentation 19