Newtons Laws of

Motion
Newtons First Law of Motion
An object at rest tends to
stay at rest and an object
in motion tends to stay in
motion unless acted upon
by an outside force.
Inertia: the resistance an object has to
a change in its state of motion
Newtons First Law of Motion
Do some objects have more of a tendency to
resist changes than others?
Imagine a place in the cosmos far from all
gravitational and frictional infuences. Suppose that
you visit that place (just suppose) and throw a rock.
The rock will
a. gradually stop.
. continue in motion in the same direction at
constant speed.
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Understanding
What will happen if you flled a baking dish
to the rim with water and walked around
an oval track making an attempt to
complete a lap in the least amount of
time?
!ater will spill when"

the container was at rest and you attempted to move it

the container was in motion and you attempted to stop

it

the container was moving in one direction and you

attempted to change its direction.
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Understanding
The #ar and the !all
$ewton%s Second &aw of 'otion
The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the force
applied and inversely
proportional to the objects mass.
a! "F"
m
Newtons #econd Law of
Motion
$he Unit of Force
( ) ma
m is in kg
a is in m*s
+
( ) kg , m*s
+

kg , m*s
+
is called a $ewton
($)
Using Newtons Laws
'ass and !eight
' ) kilograms
! ) $ewtons
) m-g ( mass . g ) /.01 m*s
+
)

When youre on a diet, are you trying to

lose mass or weight?
$wo %inds of Mass
Inertial mass
(measure of an oject%s inertia 2tendency to
resist motion)
m ) (*a
3ravitational mass ( measure of the oject%s
interaction with the gravitational force )
Inertial and gravitational
mass have een
e.perimentally shown to
e e4uivalent ( theory of
relativity )
$et (orce #auses 5cceleration
F ! ma &F is the net force'
5naly6e each situation individually and
determine the magnitude of the unknown
forces.
Friction

(orce that opposes the motion

etween two surfaces in contact.

7irection is always parallel to

surface and opposite the motion.

5ll surfaces are rough on a

microscopic scale.
Friction
#tatic friction ( the force that o))oses the
start of motion.
#*iding friction ( the force between surfaces in
re*ati+e motion.
,o**ing friction ( the force between surfaces in
ro**ing motion.
#tatic friction - #*iding friction -,o**ing
friction
Friction

8 (mu) is called the coefcient of friction.

#an e found e.perimentally.

(
norm
is the Normal force (equal of the
oject)
F
frict
= F
norm
Friction

! is weight. (
$
is the 9normal: force.
9$ormal: means perpendicular to the
surface.

The force of friction depends on (

$
and
the nature of the surfaces in contact.
.ir ,esistance

Is sometimes called the drag force.

Is a form of friction.

!hen this force ) the downward force of

a falling ody; we say the oject has
achieved terminal velocity.

In the asence of air resistance all ojects

fall at the same rate. (free fall motion)
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Understanding
.nswer /uestions 01 to 02 on )age
23
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Understanding
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Understanding
Newtons $hird Law of
Motion
For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction!
In the top picture (elow); <ent =udgett is pulling upon a rope that is attached
to a wall. In the ottom picture; the <ent is pulling upon a rope that is
attached to an elephant. In each case; the force scale reads >11 $ewton.
<ent is pulling ...
a. with more force when the rope is attached to the wall.
. with more force when the rope is attached to the elephant.
c. the same force in each case.
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Understanding
Many )eo)*e are fami*iar with the fact that a ri4e recoi*s
when 5red. $his recoi* is the resu*t of action6
reaction force )airs. . gun)owder e7)*osion creates
hot gases that e7)and outward a**owing the ri4e to
)ush forward on the bu**et. Consistent with
Newton8s third *aw of motion9 the bu**et )ushes
backwards u)on the ri4e. $he acce*eration of the
recoi*ing ri4e is ...
a. greater than the acce*eration of the bu**et.
b. sma**er than the acce*eration of the bu**et.
c. the same si:e as the acce*eration of the bu**et.
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Understanding
Summary
1
st
Law An object at rest will stay at rest, and
an object in motion will stay in motion at
constant velocity, unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
2
nd
Law Force equals mass times
acceleration.
3
rd
Law For every action tere is an
equal and opposite reaction.
(orces such as (riction; air
resistance and gravitational
friction a?ect the
acceleration of an oject.