Footings & Foundations

FOUNDATIONS
(WORKING DRAWING)
P.BY:
Ar. ANMOL GARG
(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA
Cont.: 09914410599
Footings & Foundations
INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATIONS
Function of a foundation is to transfer
the structural loads from a building
safely into the ground.

A larger and heavier building of
masonry, steel, or concrete would
require its foundations to go deeper
into earth such that the soil or the rock
on which it is founded is competent to
carry its massive loads.
Footings & Foundations
Foundation Components
Footing
Footings & Foundations
Foundation Components
(to attach wood stud sill plate)
(to keep water off of foundation wall)
(separates slab from foundation wall)
(to keep water off of slab)
(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)
(moves water away from building)
(moves water away
from building)
Footings & Foundations
Site Preparation
Remove trees and any debris
Remove top soil (4-6 below surface)

Footings & Foundations
Site Layout
Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete
Layout building perimeter
Use batter boards
Establish building corners & building perimeter




Use surveying instruments




Footings & Foundations
Excavation
Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards
Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter
Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade




If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse
If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring




Footings & Foundations
Pour Footings
Construct formwork (if required)
Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings
(protrudes above footing to tie-into
foundation wall)




Pour concrete footings
Smooth / finish surface




Footings & Foundations
Rules of Thumb
Footing shall be below frost line
Footing width usually 2x height
Typical size (24 wide x 12 tall)






Rebar is usually 3 from edge of concrete
Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation
along the interior face of the foundation wall
Footings & Foundations
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Major Building Parts


Superstructure


Substructure

Foundation
Footings & Foundations
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Two types foundations : Shallow and
Deep

Depends on whether the load transfer is at
deeper depths or shallower depths

- Need for these two types (soil strength,
ground water conditions, foundation loads,
construction methods and impact on
adjacent property)
Footings & Foundations
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Shallow foundations (column footings
without or with tie/grade beams, individual
or combined wall footing, slab on grade,
raft)

- Deep foundations (caissons with or
without sockets, end bearing or friction
piles, pile groups), made of concrete
(regular or site-cast) or steel or wood
Footings & Foundations
Shallow Foundations
Requirements
Suitable soil bearing capacity
Undisturbed soil or engineered fill

Basic types or configurations
Column footings
Wall or strip footings
Footings & Foundations
Combination Spread & Strip Footing
Footings & Foundations
Shallow Foundations

Stepped strip
footings




Grade Beams

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Footings & Foundations
Shallow Foundations


Mat foundation

Floating (Mat)
foundation
Footings & Foundations
Deep Foundations - Purpose

Transfer building loads deep into the earth
Basic types
Drilled (& poured)


Driven

Footings & Foundations
Pile material
Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe
Concrete; Site cast or Precast
Wood; Timber
Composite
Footings & Foundations
Driven Piles
Footings & Foundations
Precast Concrete Plies
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
Footings & Foundations
P.BY:
Ar. ANMOL GARG
(Lecturer, Deptt. of Architectural Assistantship)
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BATHINDA
Cont.: 09914410599