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LPG-Fueled

Motorcycle
- Mitsuhata **
- Kitayama **
- Rusmeianto*
- Wawan*
Yogyakarta, September -Agustus 2013
A Study to Solve The Transportation Problem in
Indonesian
Study Collaborations
Yogyakarta State University*
Yamaguchi University**
26
th
of August 10
th
of September 2013
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Introduction
Old year
Transportation
Now
Bicycle, Bus and outher Public
Trnsportation
Motorcycle
In Indonesia, the means of transportation have been mainly by bicycle
and bus until 1995. But recently the means of transportation has
changed to motorcycle.
Number of population in indonesia
from year to year is increasing, it
can be said that in the future the
number of populaton will continue
increase because spread of
population
Source: http://www.bps.go.id
119
147
179
195
206
238
0
50
100
150
200
250
M
i
l
l
i
o
n
s

Population Growth in indonesia
Population of
indonesia
Year
10
2
5
69
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
M
i
l
l
i
o
n
s

Number of Motor Vehicles
Passenger
Car
Buses
Trucks
Motor
Cycles
Source: http://www.bps.go.id
The number of motorcycle at the most

As wll as equipment needs,
Such as motor vehicles also increased
from year to year
Yogyakarta, September 2013
The Population compared to number of vehicles in
indonesia
Sales and the Number of Motorcycle in Indonesia
Sales of motorcycle from year by year increasing
7,398,644
68,839,341
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014
Motorcycle Sales
Number of Motorcycle
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Source :http://www.bps.go.id & http://www.kemendag.go.id
Fig. Sales and the Number of Motorcycle in Indonesia
2,238.29
2,346.56
3,003.90
3,540.85
3,606.38
0.00
500.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
2,000.00
2,500.00
3,000.00
3,500.00
4,000.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
(
U
S
$
)

Year
GDP per capita
Growth GDP per Capita in Indonesian
GDP per capita is increasing
Yogyakarta, September 2013
http://www.bps.go.id/download_file/IP_Juli_2013.pdf
Fig. GDP per Capita
Motorcycle Purchaser will increase
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Future income person in Indonesia
Source: JETRO Euromonitor International 2010
Indonesia Motorcycle price
Yogyakarta, September 2013
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
HONDA
YAMAHA
SUZUKI
KAWASAKI
Displacement (cc)
Bike 110 cc ~ 150cc are sold
by lot in Indonesia, the price is
Rp10,000,000 - 20,000,000.

There is almost no difference
even when compared with
four Japanese companies.
Production and consumption of oil and Natural gas
Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013
LPG has great opportunities as an alternative fuel
Natural resource of Indonesia
Oil Natural gas
Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013
LPG can be used for longer period of time compared to gasoline
Gasoline consumption must be controlled
LPG use
Propane price
Propane price increased year by year.
Source:Energy and Environmental Affairs
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Indonesian LPG price
Source:Analisis kebijakan persaingan dalam industri LPG indonesia
If LPG motorcycle use 3kg.
Current price of 3 kg LPG tank (7/2013) is Rp.14500 or RP 4833
per kg.
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Consequences of an increasing in motor
vehicles (especially gasoline)
Gasolinen consumption will continue to increase
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Inventory of resources (especially gasoline) decreasing year by year and will be
exhausted
Rising gasoline prices because the situation can not to be avoided in the future
Subsidy on fuel ( gasoline ) from the government in the future will likely to decline
The fuel (gasoline) depletion is an imprtant issue, we have to switch to another
source which are still abundant in nature
What will we do ?
Time
Biofuel,
LPG,
Gasoline
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Consumtion of gasoline year by year increase, because gasoline is non-
renewable resource
Gasoline will be exhausted and we have to switch to another source
which are still abundant in nature

Calorific value will affect efectifity
in use fuel and will afect cost
transportation
About LPG
Data of experiment
Fig. Comparison of LPG and Gasoline Properties
Source : www. Ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering
Researceh and Applications (IJERA)
Fig. Specifications of the engine
About LPG
Peoples will get advantage :
Calorie Value of LPG = 46.100 kJ/Kg Prices of LPG = 4833 /Kg
Calorie Value of Gasoline = 43.000 kJ/Kg Price of of Gasoline = 6500 /Kg
Price of LPG, 1 kj/kg =
Price of Gasoline, 1 kj/kg =
The percentage savings =
4.833
46.100
= 0,105
6.500
43.000
= 0,151
0,046
0,151
100% = 30,65 %
Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics
About LPG, we have the data of experiment
Fig. Brake Power v/s Mass Consumption
Source : www. Ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering
Researceh and Applications (IJERA)
Fig. Brake Power v/s CO-Emission
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Conclution from both graph is lpg better
in performance and environmentally
friendly than gasoline
PEST ANALYSIS
Yogyakarta, September 2013

POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGY

PEST Analysis is a method for understanding the big picture of the
environment in Indonesian.

we can take advantage of the opportunities
and minimize the threats from various fields
that exist in Indonesian
Especially in the field of transportation
to support implementation lpg-fueled
motorcycle
POLITICAL
ECONOMI
SOCIAL
TECHNOLOGY
law , system of taxation , system of trial , inclination of political
Business , prices(inflationdeflationgrowth rate , interest
Population , public opinion , fashion , religion , language environment
Penetration of new technology , patent
POLITICAL
Source ; http://www.esdm.go.id/berita/migas/40-migas ; Kompasiana.com; 4 desember 2012;
Indonesian Ministry of Transportation & Ministry Enviornment


Yogyakarta, September 2013
Since 2007, the government make program to convert kerosene fuel to LPG, because
1. The program to reduce karosene subsidy
Now
-The government spent 70 trillion/year for gasoline
subsidy ( in 2011 subsidy for gasoline reach 166.20
trillion )
-The Government has increased the gasoline prices
from Rp.4500 to Rp.6500 in June 2013
2. LPG is clean and environmentally friendly enegy
Now
- Indonesian Ministry of Transportation & Ministry
Enviornment have vision is Indonesian clean air at the
year of 2020
The time will be coming likely
fate of gasoline will be same as
karosene
LPG fuels from experiment
have lower emmision of co
than gasoline
POLITICAL
Yogyakarta, September 2013
2. Reserves of resource has decreased
Now
-Reserves of gasoline has decreased year by
year
We need another fuel to replace gasoline
So LPG Fueled-Motorcycle has great opportunities and will have the ease of the
government in its application
ECONOMIC
Yogyakarta, September 2013
INDONESIA GDP
Source: www.trandingeconomics.com [The World Bank Group]
Purchasing power is good from year to year
ECONOMIC
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Peoples will get advantage with this technology :
Calorie Value of LPG = 46.100 kJ/Kg Prices of LPG = 4833 /Kg
Calorie Value of Gasoline = 43.000 kJ/Kg
Price of of
Gasoline = 6500 /Kg
Price of LPG, 1 kj/kg =
Price of Gasoline, 1 kj/kg =
The percentage savings =
4.833
46.100
= 0,105
6.500
43.000
= 0,151
0,046
0,151
100% = 30,65%
SOCIAL
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Source http://www.bps.go.id/download_file/IP_Juli_2013.pdf
Man
Woman
Age
Million People Million People
Most User
Population distribution pyramid:
triangle shape with abundant of
workforce under 30 years old
(young citizens)
20-39 years old (33.5% of the
population) is expected to
have a good purchasing power


Under 20 years old (37% of
the population), Many
students and older using
motorcycles as a means to go
to school
Interest and purchasing power
SOCIAL
Yogyakarta, September 2013
Indonesia Ministry of Transportation &
Ministry Enviornment
Environment
Air Pollution Problems
Report from Indonesia Ministry of Transportation & Ministry Enviornment that :

Air pollution in metropolitan and medium-size cities has become a chronic issue as a threat
to the urban peoples health and economic. The problem is due mainly by population
concentration, a drastic increase in treffic volume, exhaust emission from motor vehicle,
and industries
In Metropolitan Cities, transport sector gives proportion to air pollution about 60 to 80 %,
followed by industry and househole sectors
Indirectly when we apply this technology means we follow
in pressing environment pollution and global warming
TECHNOLOGY
Yogyakarta, September 2013
- Indonesia currently moving towards green energy utilization and lower
dependency on gasoline.
- More efficient than Gasoline fuel.

Design and Result
-Design Gas Tank
Design of tank in motorcycle usually with gasoline fuel is 3-4
Liter, and the motor can take distance about 120-200 KM, in
this project we design gas tank can be take same distance, With
calculate:
1 L Gasoline : 40 Km
1 Kg LPG : 85 km, so if we want to take 120-180 KM we can
design the tank volume.
Volume Gas tank= M/=2/580=0.00345 M^3
So we make dimension of gas tank: d=80mm and height=
210mm
We design 2 tank, every tank has 0.00109 M^3, so total volume
tank 0.00218 M^3. It can take 107.4 km.






2
0
0

Design and Result
New Design of Gas Tank Used Steel Material.
Stess Analysis
safe
Gas Tank
Govenor
Regulator
Cover
Carburettor
Stopper
Design System
performed the analysis on
the lid of the container.
analysis is performed on
the lid of the container
because it is part of the
container lid that can be
apart pairs. so has the risk
of damage is greatest

materials that used for the
design of the container is
ramie composite material
that has the following
properties
Properties Components
Name: Ramie Composite
Model type: Linear Elastic
Isotropic
Yield strength: 9.593e+007
N/m^2
Tensile strength: 1.2567e+008
N/m^2
Mass density: 1310 kg/m^3
Shear modulus: 4.189e+007
N/m^2
Analysis of LPG Tank Case
Design and Result
Conclusion
Yogyakarta, September 2013
LPG current inventory of more than gasoline are the factors that
support the transfer of gasoline to LPG

LPG is one of the alternative fuels which better and low emission
than gasoline

Indonesia has a huge potential market of motorcycle (LPG-Fueled
Motorcycle)

The proposed LPG tanks holder and housing design have
sufficient strength to support the tank and adequate safety
features to protect the rider from the risk of tank explosion
Thank you for your attention
Yogyakarta, Agustus 2013

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