Kuliah 2

PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
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The Engineering Design Process
Creative process

Problem solving the big picture

No single "correct" solution

Technical aspects only small part
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Elements of Design the Process
Problem Identification
Research Phase
Requirements Specification
Concept Generation
Design Phase
Prototyping Phase
System Integration
Maintenance Phase
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Cost of Design Changes
Costs increase exponentially as the
project lifetime increases
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Problem Identification and
Requirements Specification
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Product Design Specification
What is the Problem?

1. Collect information
2. Interpret information
3. Organize needs hierarchy
4. Determine relative importance of needs
5. Review outcomes and process
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Example Needs Hierarchy
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Problem Statement
Example 2.1

Need: Drivers have difficulty seeing
obstructions in all directions

Objective: design system to avoid
accidents
Product Design Specification:
Mendesain Corkscrews
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Requirements Specification
Identifies requirements design must
satisfy for success

1. Marketing requirements
Customer needs
2. Engineering requirements
Applies to technical aspects
Performance requirements
PDS:
How design that not successful,
Engineering master piece but
uneconomical
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PDS Criteria
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Example Engineering
Requirements
Performance and Functionality
1. Will identify skin lesions with a 90% accuracy
2. Should be able to measure within 1mm

Reliability
1. Operational 99.9% of the time
2. MTBF (mean time between failure) of 10 years

Energy
1. Average power consumption of 2 watts
2. Peak current draw of 1 amp
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Constraints
Economic
Environmental
Ethical and Legal
Health and Safety
Manufacturability
Political and Social FDA, language?
Sustainability
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Design Considerations
RELIABILITY
measured by MTBF, failure rate = 1/MTBF




mechanical parts fail first
design redundancy into system
simple system/fewer parts = more reliable
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Design Methodologies
ITERATIVE REFINEMENT:
An iterative top-down approach
First a rough, approximate and general
design is completed
Then we do it finer, more exact and
more specific
This process continues iteratively until
the complete detail design in done
Summary PDS
Prinsip-prinsip Spesifikasi
Definisi (Definition)
Dengan persetujuan pemakai, seluruh aspek-aspek teknis
penting produk masa depan harus ditentukan dengan jelas.

Informasi (Information)
Spesifikasi harus mendapatkan masukan informasi yang
relevan dan mutakhir, yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai
sumber-sumber yang bervariasi.

Fungsi (Function)
Pernyataan yang lugas tentang fungsi-fungsi produk
diperlukan sebagai titik awal spesifikasi.

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Pembatas (Constraint)
Banyak aspek-aspek produk yang diindikasikan oleh survei
pemakai dan pasar perlu dikuantifikasi menjadi pernyataan-
pernyataan yang dapat digunakan oleh tim rekayasa untuk
terus bekerja.

Iterasi (Iteration) :
Mula-mula spesifikasi dapat dianggap sebagai draft. Dengan
berjalannya proyek, maka akan lebih banyak informasi
muncul, baik yang mendukung atau bersifat kontradiktif
dengan draft mula-mula. Hal ini adalah wajar dan dapat
diterima, selama pemakai menyetujui perubahannya.
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Contoh PDS
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Tugas:
Setiap kelompok menyiapkan 1 topik
desain Produk dalam bidang:
- Fine Advanced Material :
mis: lithium Battery, Carbon
Nanotube, Superconductor
- Green Technology: Renewable energy
generator, electric hybrid Vehicle,
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Example:
Lithium Polymer Battery
Solar Cell
Nano tubes

Lalu buat ikhtisar PDS nya.
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