Engineering Mechanics Statics Note in Si Units

General Principles 1
Engineering Mechanics:
Statics in SI Units, 12e
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Chapter Outline
1. Mechanics
2. Fundamental Concepts
3. Units of Measurement
4. The International System of Units
5. Numerical Calculations
6. General Procedure for Analysis
1.1 Mechanics
Mechanics can be divided into 3 branches:
- Rigid-body Mechanics
- Deformable-body Mechanics
- Fluid Mechanics

Rigid-body Mechanics deals with
- Statics
- Dynamics

1.1 Mechanics
Statics Equilibrium of bodies
At rest
Move with constant velocity

Dynamics Accelerated motion of bodies

1.2 Fundamentals Concepts
Basic Quantities
1. Length
- locate the position of a point in space
2. Mass
- measure of a quantity of matter
3. Time
- succession of events
4. Force
- a push or pull exerted by one body on another
Idealizations
1. Particles
- has a mass and size can be neglected

2. Rigid Body
- a combination of a large number of particles

3. Concentrated Force
- the effect of a loading
Newtons Three Laws of Motion
First Law
A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line
with constant velocity, will remain in this state
provided that the particle is not subjected to an
unbalanced force
Second Law
A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration a that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly
proportional to the force
ma F
Third Law
The mutual forces of action and reaction between two
particles are equal and, opposite and collinear
1.3 Units of Measurement
SI Units
Stands for Systme International dUnits
F = ma is maintained only if
3 of the units, called base units, are defined
4
th
unit is derived from the equation
SI system specifies length in meters (m), time in
seconds (s) and mass in kilograms (kg)
Force unit, Newton (N), is derived from F = ma

Name Length Time Mass Force
International
Systems of Units
(SI)
Meter (m) Second (s) Kilogram (kg) Newton (N)
2
.
s
m kg
At the standard location,
g = 9.806 65 m/s
2
For calculations, we use
g = 9.81 m/s
2
Thus,
W = mg (g = 9.81m/s
2
)
Hence, a body of mass 1 kg has a weight of 9.81 N, a
2 kg body weighs 19.62 N

1.4 The International System of Units
Prefixes
For a very large or small numerical quantity, units can
be modified by using a prefix

Each represent a multiple or sub-multiple of a unit
Eg: 4,000,000 N = 4000 kN (kilo-newton)
= 4 MN (mega- newton)
0.005m = 5 mm (milli-meter)

1.4 The International System of Units
1.5 Numerical Calculations
Dimensional Homogeneity
Each term must be expressed in the same units
Regardless of how the equation is evaluated, it
maintains its dimensional homogeneity
All terms can be replaced by a consistent set of units
Significant Figures
Accuracy of a number is specified by the number of
significant figures it contains
A significant figure is any digit including zero
e.g. 5604 and 34.52 have four significant numbers
When numbers begin or end with zero, we make use
of prefixes to clarify the number of significant figures
e.g. 400 as one significant figure would be 0.4(10
3
)

Rounding Off Numbers
Accuracy obtained would never be better than the
accuracy of the problem data
Calculators or computers involve more figures in the
answer than the number of significant figures in the
data
Calculated results should always be rounded off to
an appropriate number of significant figures

Calculations
Retain a greater number of digits for accuracy
Work out computations so that numbers that are
approximately equal
Round off final answers to three significant figures

1.6 General Procedure for Analysis
To solve problems, it is important to present work in a
logical and orderly way as suggested:
1. Correlate actual physical situation with theory
2. Draw any diagrams and tabulate the problem data
3. Apply principles in mathematics forms
4. Solve equations which are
dimensionally homogenous
5. Report the answer with
significance figures
6. Technical judgment
and common sense
Example
Convert to 2 km/h to m/s.

Solution

m/s 556 . 0
s 3600
h 1
km
m 1000
h
km 2
km/h 2
Remember to round off the final answer to three significant figures.

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General Principles 1

Remember to round off the final answer to three significant figures.

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