Ging vin thc hin: Nguyn Hng Thanh

Mc ch
H thng, cng c kin thc cho sinh vin v nhng ni
dung bng b, cp cu hc ph thng trung hc,
gii thiu mt s ni dung c bn v vt thng chin
tranh, phng php bng b, cp cu ban u mt s
vt thng do v kh thng thng gy ra.
yu cu
- Hiu c ngha, tc dng ca vic cp cu kp thi
cc vt thng.
- Nm c cc bin php s cu, bng b, k thut
chuyn thng lm c s hc tp v vn dng trong thc
tin i sng.


Ni dung
I. Bng b, chuyn thng
II. Cp cu vt thng do v kh thng thng
Ti liu tham kho
1. Gio trnh GDQP-AN tp II, NXB Gio Dc 2009
2. Gio trnh GDQP-AN tp II, NXB KH&KT 2008 (Th
vin Trng HBK).
http://www.mediafire.com/view/?d52v7iypfju72zo




I. Bng b, chuyn thng
1. Nguyn tc bng v cc kiu bng vt thng
a) Nguyn tc bng


1
Bng ngay sau khi b thng
2
Bng ng vt thng v bng kn vt thng
3
Bng cht va phi
4
Khng lm bn vt thng khi bng
5
Khi s dng bng cn ht sc tit kim


b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
Bng vng xon
Bng vng xon l a cun bng i nhiu vng theo
hnh xon ca l xo, t di ln trn.
Kiu bng ny n gin, d lm nhng c nhc im l
khng p dng c rng ri nhiu vng khc nhau nh
vai, nch, bn, mng, cng tay, gt chn, cng chn,
i



b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
Bng s 8
Bng s 8 l bng theo kiu a cun bng i theo
hnh s 8 (hoc hnh 2 vng i xng).
Kiu bng s 8 phc tp hn kiu bng vng xon,
nhng p dng c rng ri nhiu vng khc nhau nh:
vai, nch, bn, mng, cng tay, gt chn, cng chn,
i
Tu theo v tr nh bng, cch a cun bng theo
hnh s 8 khc nhau.


b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
+ Bng mt bn ngc (bng theo kiu s 8)- Vng u
bng quanh ngc i theo ng di v.
a vng bng bt cho, qua trc ngc b thng, vng
ln pha vai bn ngc khng b thng ra sau lng. Bng
lin tip t di ln trn, mt vng quanh ngc, li n mt
vng bt cho qua vai. Buc hoc gi kim bng u
cui cun bng.
Bng u



b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
+ Bng bng. t gc ph kn vt thng. Khi c li
ph tng, cun gc thnh vng trn nh vnh khn
bao quanh vt thng (hoc dng bt bc gc p ln vt
thng). Bng hai vng trn qua gia vnh khn.- Sau
bng theo kiu s 8, mt vng i trn vnh khn, mt
vng i di vnh khn cho n khi kn vt thng.- Buc
cht hoc gi kim bng u cui ca cun bng.


b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
+ Bng bn, mng (bng theo kiu s 8)Bng hai vng
u 1/3 t trn xung ca i, c nh u bng.
a cun bng i theo hnh s 8 vng trn ca s 8 cun
trn hai mo chu, bt cho trc bn, ri vt ra sau
i; t nhiu vng s 8 cho n khi che kn vt th-
ng. Buc hoc gi kim bng u cui ca cun
bng.Bng mng cng nh bng bn nhng phi t ngi
b thng nm sp v cho s 8 bt cho vng mng.
.


b) Cc kiu bng vt thng
+ Bng bn chn, bn tay (bng theo kiu s 8)
Bng vng trn u tin st u ngn chn. a cun
bng i theo hnh s 8, vng sau c chn v bt cho
mu chn. Buc hoc gi kim bng u cui cun
bng. Bng bn tay cng nh bn chn, nhng ng bng
bt cho gan bn tay.


2. Chuyn thng binh
a) Chuyn thng binh bng tay v bng ai
Mang vc ngi b thng bng tay khng, thng do mt
ngi lm v c p dng c ly gn.
- Cng thng binh
- Du thng binh.
- Vc thng binh
- Mang thng binh bng dy ai (Khng p dng
chuyn thng binh gy xng ct sng v gy xng chi d-
i).


2. Chuyn thng binh
b) Chuyn thng bng cng
Chuyn thng bng cng l cch chuyn ph bin
nht l ho tuyn v c rt nhiu loi cng c p
dng chuyn thng nh:
+ Cng khing tay (cng cng: bt, phn tre...)


2. Chuyn thng binh
b) Chuyn thng bng
cng
+ Cng khing vai (cng
vng bt, d)


2. Chuyn thng binh
b) Chuyn thng bng cng
+ Cng khing vai (cng vng bt, d)


b) Chuyn thng bng cng
*. Cch cng thng
+ t ngi b thng ln cng : t cng bn cnh ngi b th-
ng, cha lng n cng; hai ngi ti thng qu bn cnh ngi
b thng, i din vi cng, lun tay di ngi b thng, nhc
t t v t ln cng; buc dy cng.
+ Chuyn thng:
. Khi cng trn ng bng hai ti thng cn trnh i cng
nhp cho cng khi lc l, ngi i phi gi tc cho
u n v ngi trc bo cho ngi sau bit nhng ch kh
i trnh. Khi cng trn ng dc, phi c gng gi cho
n cng c thng bng hoc u ngi b thng hi cao
hn chn. Khi cng ln dc phi u i trc, khi xung dc
u i sau.


2. Chuyn thng binh
b) Chuyn thng bng cng
* Ch :
. Nhng thng binh c ga r phi c ni ng thi gian
quy nh.
. Vi nhng thng binh thng bng phi t t th nm
nga, chn hi co li p bng trnh ph tng li ra
ngoi.
. Vi nhng vt thng vng ngc phi t thng binh
na nm, na ngi gip thng binh d th.
. Vi nhng thng binh vng ct sng, xng chu phi
chuyn bng cng cng.


II. Cp cu vt thng do v kh thng thng
1. c im ca vt thng chin tranh
a) V kh lnh
Cc tn thng do v
kh lnh gy nn nhn
chung tng i n
gin, t li di chng.



b) V kh n thng thng
V kh n st thng bng tc ng trc tip ca u n,
mnh ph, vin bi trong bom n... c th gy nn vt thng
xuyn, vt thng dp nt nhiu ng ngch, vt thng gy x-
ng, vt thng mch mu, vt thng thn kinh hoc vt th-
ng cc tng trong c th.
Cc loi v kh n st thng bng tc ng ca sc n
(bom, n, mn ph n..) gy sc p mnh i vi ngi
gn tm n, to nhng chn thng kn cc tng, c khi rt
nng.


c)V kh ht nhn
V kh ht nhn n to ra cc nhn t st thng nh:
sng xung kch, bc x quang, bc x xuyn, cht
phng x.
V kh ht nhn gy nn tn thng hn hp lm cho
vt thng nng v phc tp, c th ng thi b cc
tn thng nh bng, chn thng, bnh phng x ...


d) V kh ho hc
V kh ho hc l loi v kh s dng cht c ho hc cha
ng trong tn la, bom n pho... V kh ho hc gy nhim
bu kh quyn v mt t. Cc cht c ho hc c th gy
tn thng hng lot i vi ngi v ng vt; gy nhim
ngun nc, lng thc, thc phm, ph hoi cy ci, ma mng


e) V kh sinh hc
V kh sinh hc l loi v kh cha cc loi vi sinh vt gy bnh
hoc cc c t ca chng nh vi rt vi khun, nm, c t do vi
khun tit ra.
V kh sinh hc thng gy bng n cc v dch ln, nhiu ngi
mc trong mt thi gian ngn. Triu chng c th a dng, kh
chn on. Tuy nhin, sau khi mm bnh vo c th, gy c
bnh c hay khng ph thuc vo sc min dch ca tng ngi.


2. Cp cu vt thng do v kh thng thng
a) Khi nim
-Vt thng kn: l loi vt thng khng b rch da hoc chy
mu bn ngoi, thng gi l chn thng nh: chn thng ngc kn,
chn thng bng kn, gy xng kn do sc p ca bom, n n
sp hm, cy. Loi vt thng ny cng rt nguy him cn
c pht hin sm v x tr kp thi.

- Vt thng h: l loi vt thng rch da v cc m, gp rt
nhiu trong vt thng chin tranh.
Tu theo tnh cht ca tn thng phn bit vt thng phn
mm, vt thng mch mu, vt thng gy xng, vt thng bng ,
vt thng c tn thng ph tng.



b) Vt thng phn mm
Vt thng phn mm l vt thng c tn thng da, gn c,
trong phn c l ch yu.
- c im ca vt thng phn mm: Vt thng cc b phn
khc nhau trn c th u kt hp c tn thng phn mm. Vt
thng phn mm c x l tt l c s cho vic iu tr tt i
vi cc tn thng khc. Vt thng phn mm do mnh ph thng
b dp nt, nhiu ng ngch.


b) Vt thng phn mm
- Bin chng:
Tt c cc vt thng phn mm do v kh n u d b
nhim khun, vng b thng cng nhiu khi c dy cng d
nhim khun nng. Sc khng ca thng binh km cng d
lm cho nhim khun nng thm.
- S cu:
+ Xc nh tnh cht ca vt thng
+ V sinh, bng vt thng nhm bo v vt thng khng b
nhim khun thm, cm mu ti vt thng hn ch cc bin
chng xu.
+ a thng binh ra khi vng nguy him (vo ni an ton), chuyn
v c s iu tr.


c) Vt thng mch mu
- c im
+ Vt thng mch mu phn ln l c vt thng cc phn khc nh:
phn mm , gy xng, tn thng dy thn kinh... thng rt phc
tp, kh iu tr. Nguy him nht l cc ng mch ln, tn th-
ng ng mch t chi.

+ Vt thng do n sng trng, sng my hoc do mnh n
u c th gy tn thng mch mu t nh n dp nt, t
hn.

+ Vt thng gy xng c nhiu mnh xng sc nhn cng c
th gy thng hoc t mch mu trong qu trnh vn chuyn
thng binh nu khng c c nh tt.


c) Vt thng mch mu
- Bin chng:
+ Chong do mt mu thm ch c th dn n t vong.
+ Vt thng mch mu d b nhim trng.
+ Chy mu th pht.
- S cu :
+ Xc nh tnh cht ca vt thng
+ V sinh, bng b, cm mu kp thi cho vt thng l rt cn
thit, nhm hn ch mt mu.
Yu cu : Khn trng, ng ch nh, khng lm u. c bit
lu khng ga-r tu tin.
+ a thng binh ra khi vng nguy him (vo ni an ton), chuyn
v c s iu tr.





- Gp chi ti a
Gp chi ti a l mt bin php cm mu n gin, v rt tt
m mi ngi c th t lm ngay sau khi b thng, cm mu
chi b thng, d l chy mu ng mch ln. Khi chi b gp mnh,
ng mch cng b gp v p bi cc khi c bao quanh, lm
cho mu ngng chy.
Nhc im ca phng php gp chi ti a l do phi gp
tht mnh nn ngi b thng d mi, khng p dng c lu. Nu
c tn thng gy xng km theo, th khng thc hin c gp chi
ti a.
V vy, gp chi ti a nn coi l bin php cm mu rt tm
thi, phi lm ngay tc khc, nhng ngay sau cn c b
sung bng cc bin php cm mu khc.


- Gp chi ti a
Cc cch gp chi ti a:
+ Gp cng tay vo cnh tay: Khi thng ng mch
bn tay, cng tay.
+ Gp cnh tay vo thn ngi c con chn: Khi thng
ng mch cnh tay.
+ Gp cng chn vo i: Khi chy mu ng mch
bn chn hoc cng chn.
+ Gp i vo thn: Khi chy mu ng mch ln i.


- n ng mch
n ng mch l ng tc dng ngn tay n cht vo ng
mch, trn on lu thng ca mu t tim n vt thng. ng
mch b p cht gia ngn tay v nn xng lm cho mu ngng
chy ngay tc khc.
n ng mch l bin php cm mu tm thi, rt hu hiu ,
chc chn, t gy au n cho ngi b thng, t gy ri lon
tun hon cc chi b thng. Nhng i hi phi nm chc cc
kin thc gii phu ng mch ca c th.
V vy, n ng mch phi l ng tc x tr u tin ca ngi
cu thng, ng trc mt vt thng chy mu ng mch va
hoc ln. Sau thay th n ng mch bng cc bin php
khc.


- Bng p
Bng p l phng php bng vi cc vng bng sit tng i
cht, p mnh vo cc b phn b tn thng. Bng p cht
lm cho cc mch mu b p kn hoc thu nh li, to iu kin
thun li cho vic hnh thnh mu cc cm mu.
Bng p thch hp vi cc vt thng chy mu khng b
t ng mch ln, nh cc vt thng phn mm rng ln, vt th-
ng bn chn, bn tay
Cch tin hnh bng p: t mt lp bng gc ph kn vt
thng. t lp bng m dy trn lp bng gc (bng m khng thm
nc, c tc dng n hi tt, nn lp bng m cng dy sc p
cng tng). Bng theo kiu vng xon hoc s 8, cc vng bng
sit tng i cht (tt nht l dng loi bng gc mm, v c tc
dng n hi hn loi bng vi v bng gc h).


- Bng nt
+ Bng nt l cch bng p c dng thm bc gc nht nt
vo vt thng; nht nt cng cht th sc p cng tng v c tc
dng cm mu tt.
+ Bng nt thch hp vi cc vt thng chy mu ng mch
nh su, nh vt thng gy xng, vt thng phn mm su.
+ Cch tin hnh bng nt:
Dng mt kp cm mu hoc nia nht gc su vo tn y
vt thng, n cht gy , p cc mch mu.
Sau tin hnh bng p nh trn; nu khng c sn bc gc
dit vi khun, c th ly nhiu ming gc dit v khun
nht nt cng c.


- Bng chn
+ Bng chn cng l kiu n ng mch nhng khng phi bng
ngn tay, m bng mt vt rn hoc tng i rn. Con chn c
t trn ng i ca ng mch, gia vt thng v tim, cng st
vt thng cng tt, sau , bng c nh con chn bng nhiu
vng bng sit tng i cht theo kiu vng xon hoc s 8.
+ C nhiu cch lm con chn: Dng mt on cnh cy nh, ct
cho tng i nhn, c ng knh khong 2cm. Di khong 4-
5cm. C th ly ngay mt l P-ni-xi-lin nh hoc nt chai, mnh
go da.
+ Cc vng bng c nh con chn phi sit tng i cht (bng
lng, khng p c con chn vo ng mch cm mu, ngc li
nu bng qu cht th s bin cun bng thnh mt dy ga-r,
lm mt ngha tc dng ca bng chn).


- Ga-r
L phng php cm mu tm thi bng dy cao su hoc dy
vi xon cht vo on chi lm ngng s lu thng mu t
pha trn xung pha di ca chi.
Khi xon cht mt dy ga-r vo chi, cc mch mu ln, nh, cc
c u b chn p. V vy ga-r hu nh ct t hon ton s l-
u thng ca mu t trn xung v ngc li.
Ch nh t ga-r: Ch c php lm trong cc trng hp sau:
+ Vt thng chi chy mu t, phun thnh tia hoc tro xi qua
vt thng.
+ Chi b ct ct .
+ Vt thng phn mm hoc gy xng, c th km theo tn th-
ng cc ng mch ln.



Cch t ga-r:
Dy ga-r nn l mt loi dy cao su to bn (3-4cm) mng v c
tc dng n hi tt.
Th t cc ng tc t ga-r trc mt vt thng chy mu ln
nh sau:
+ n ng mch pha trn vt thng.
+ Lt vi hoc gc ch ch nh t ga-r hoc dng ngay
qun o lt.
+ t ga-r v xon u (nu l dy vi); b tay n ng
mch, ri va xon va theo di mch di hoc theo di chy
mu vt thng; nu mch ngng p hoc mu ngng chy l
c.
+ Cui cng bng vt thng v lm cc th tc hnh chnh cn
thit


Nhng nguyn tc phi chp hnh khi t ga-r
- Ga-r t st ngay pha trn vt thng v l ra ngoi.
Tuyt i khng ng qun, tay o hoc vt g che lp ga-r
(tt nht l t ga-r bn ngoi ng qun hoc tay o).
- Phi cp cu ngay v c phiu ghi r ngy, gi t ga-r.
- n vin phi c x l khn cp.
- Trn ng vn chuyn, phi ni ga-r mi gi mt ln v khng
lu qu 3-4 gi.
- Phiu chuyn thng c ga-r cn ghi:
+ H v tn.
+ t ga-r hi gi ngy
+ Ngi t ga-r.
+ Ni ga-r
Ln 1:. Gi
Ln 2: . Gi


* Ni ga-r
Ni ga-r cho mu xung nui dng on chi di ga-r. Nh-
ng nhng trng hp sau y khng ni ga-r.
- Khi chi b ct ct t nhin, ga-r phi t st vo ch b
ct ct, ri chuyn thng v vin phu thut khn cp, khng
ni dc ng.
- Khi on chi di ga-r c du hiu hoi t (hoi t do ga-r t
qu lu) cng khng c ni ga-r, v c th dn n chong,
nhim c v t vong.

Ni ga-r do y t, cu thng hoc ti thng lm (ti thng c
hun luyn tt k thut cp cu).


Ni ga-r
Th t cc bc phi lm khi ni ga-r nh sau:
- Ngi ph n ng mch phia trn ga-r.
- Ngi chnh ni dy ga-r, ni rt t t, va ni va theo di sc
mt ngi b thng, tnh hnh mu chy vt thng, mch v
mu sc on chi di ga-r.
Thi gian ni ga-r khong 4-5 pht; trong khi ni nu thy mu
chy mnh vt thng, phi n li ng mch; nu thy sc
mt ngi b thng thay i t ngt, tm ti hoc nht nht,
phi t ga-r li ngay.
- t li dy ga-r: khi buc li khng t ch c m nhch ln
nhch xung mt t khi gy ln da tht v thiu mu ko
di ch t ga-r.


d) Vt thng gy xng
-c im:

+ i vi vt thng gy xng kn: Da khng rch, c th b bm
tm ti ni gy xng cng c th u xng gy i mt da ln,
n ch xng gy c ting lo so, chi b gy khng t vn ng -
c v b bin dng so vi bn lnh.

+ i vi vt thng gy xng h: da b rch, phn mm xung
quanh b dp nt, c th nhn thy u xng gy hoc mt s
mnh xng vn theo vt thng ra ngoi, chi b gy khng t vn
ng c v b bin dng so vi bn lnh.


d) Vt thng gy xng
- Bin chng :
+ Xng b gy thnh nhiu mnh, mt s mnh xng vn c th
theo mu ra ngoi vt thng hoc c th mt tng on xng,
km theo cc tn thng phm mm rng ln, tn thng cc b
mch thn kinh ln.
Mt s vt thng gy xng, nht l gy xng ln, nu khng c
cp cu kp thi v vn chuyn an ton c th a n nhiu
tai bin nguy him.
+ Chong do thiu mu v do u n trong qu trnh vn
chuyn, mt s trng hp chong nng c th a n t vong,
nht l chong do gy xng i.
+ Gy thm tn thng mi cho ngi b thng, do cc u xng
gy sc nhn b di ng trong khi vn chuyn c th lm rch
mch mu v cc dy thn kinh gn .


- S cu:
+ Cm mu
+ C nh xng b gy
+ Chuyn thng binh v tuyn sau.
* Nguyn tc c nh tm thi:
- Np s dng phI c hnh dng kch thc ph hp, c nh c
c khp trn v khp di gy, bng cch buc chc chn vo chi,
cng vi chi hp thnh mt khi thng nht.
- Khng t np cng st vo chi m phi lt bng bng m, gc,
hoc bng khn tay, khn mt khi c nh khng cn ci
qun o ca ngi b thng, v qun o c tc dng tng cng
m lt cho np tre.
- Bng c nh np phi tng i cht, khng np xc
xch, nhng cng khng qu cht lm tr ngi tun hon mu chi.


* Cc loi np thng dng c nh tm thi
+ Np tre: Np tre l loi dng ph bin v thun tin nht.
Np tre d lm, d kim Tt c cc np tre u phi c bc
trc bng bng m, qun gc, nht l nhng ch st u xng.
+ Np Crame .
Np Crame l loi np lm bng dy thp hnh bc thang. Loi
ny c th s dng rng ri v thun tin c nh tm thi
vt thng gy xng, v c th un c tu theo ch cn t
np. C th ni hai np vi nhau khi cn c mt np di.
Np Crame c nh tt hn np tre, song c nhc im l
phi mang nng.
Ngoi ra cn c nhiu loi np khc v ang c nghin cu
nh np g dn, np li; np c bit nh np t- mt, np di-te-
ric

-C nh tm thi gy xng cng tay(bng np tre)
t mt np tre th nht mt trc cng tay i t np khuu
n khp bn tay, ngn tay.
t mt np th hai di hn np th nht mt sau cng tay
i qua mm khuu, i xng vi np th nht.
on th nht bn tay v c tay, on th hai di v trn khp
khuu.
Dng mt khn tam gic hoc bng cun treo cng tay t
th gp 90
0
.

- C nh tm thi gy xng cnh tay
+ C nh bng np tre: t hai np mt trong v mt
ngoi cnh tay. Np trong, u trn ln ti h nch, u di st np
khuu. Np ngoi, u trn qu khp vai, u di qu khp khuu.
C nh np hai on, on mt 1/3 trn cnh tay v khp vai
(bng s 8). on hai trn v di khp khuu. Dng bng tam gic
treo cng tay vung gc 90
0
vi cnh tay v qun mt vi vng
bng, buc cnh tay vo thn.
+ C nh bng np Crame: t cng tay vung gc vi cnh
tay t th na sp v cnh tay st vo thn, vi mt cun bng
hoc bng lt nch. Un np Crame theo t th ca chi, i t
c tay mt ngoi cnh tay, ri un ra sau lng ti mt sau xng b
vai bn chi lnh. Dng mt cun bng buc u trn vi u di
ca np, di bng i trc vo sau thn. C nh np vo chi v
vo thn ngi bng nhng vng bng.

- C nh tm thi gy xng cng chn
+ C nh bng np tre:
t hai np mt trong v mt ngoi chi gy, ko
di t gia i ti qu c chn.
t bng m vo ch b gy ri bng c nh np
gy vo chi bn chn, c chn, di v trn khp gi
i.

+ C nh bng np Crame :
t mt np Crame mt sau ca chi, ko di t
gia i n gt chn, ri b cho vung gc vi bn
chn ra ti cc ngn chn.
t bng m ri bng c nh np nh trn.

- C nh tm thi gy xng i
+ C nh bng np tre: Dng ba np. Np ngoi i t h nch
n gt chn, np trong t bn n qu gt chn v np sau t
trn mo chu n qu gt chn, lt bng vo cc xng u.
Bng c nh np vo chi bn chn, c chn, 1/3 trn cng
chn, trn gi, bn, bng v di nch, sau buc chi gy c
nh vo chi lnh trc khi vn chuyn.
+ C nh bng np c-ra-me: t np th nht (np di) t
mo chu n gt chn, th b gp thng gc vi gan bn chn.
t np th hai (np trong) t bn ti b trong bn chn, c th
b cong np, p vo gan bn chn. t np th ba (np ngoi)
di nht, t h nch ti b ngoi bn chn, b gp 90
0
vo ti b
trong ca bn chn, m ly bn chn v np th nht.
Ch : Nhng ngi b thng gy xng i, mc d c c
nh u phi vn chuyn bng cng cng.


e) Vt thng do bng
Bng trong chin tranh do cc loi v kh gy chy nh: bom la,
bom napan, sng phun la....
- S cu:
+ Dp tt la bng nc, chn, vi, t, ct... nu bng do bom
napan th phi ngm di nc mi dp tt c la.
+ Bng do cht ln phi dng bng t, c th dng sunfats ng
5% hoc thuc tm 3%, hoc nc vi 5% p ln vt bng.
+ Bng cc vt bng, khng lm v nt phng, bng hi p cht
trnh thot huyt tng.
Nu bng qu rng khng th bng c c th dng vi, chn,
mn sch ph ln vt bng.
+ V trm qun (ni iu tr tm thi) cho thuc gim au, cho
ung nc mui natribicarbonat.


f) Tn thng do ngt th
Ngt th thng gp trong cc trng hp sau:
- Do ng xung nc v b nc nhn chm, ch sau hai, ba pht s
ngt th.
- Do b vi lp nh: sp hm, t ct vi lp khi bom n nht l
khi ngc b p , mi ming b t ct nht kn, c th b
ngt th nhanh chng.
- Do k ch s dng cc kh c.
- Do lu trong cc hm kn cht hp, nhng ngi ng trong
nh ma rt ng kn ca v t l si; c th b ngt th do
thiu xy v ht phi nhiu kh c nh CO
2
.
- Ngt th do tc cc ng h hp nh tht c, b bp c, do
m di hoc mu nhng vt thng hm mt gy tc th


Nhn bit ngi ngt th
Hot ng h hp ngng, ngi b nn nm yn, khng tnh,
khng c ng; sc mt trng nht hoc tm ti, chi gi lnh,
tim ngng p, mch khng s thy; t chic lng g hoc
ming giy trc mi khng thy chuyn ng.
Cch x tr
- Loi b nguyn nhn gy ngt th nh bi t ct cho ngi b vi
lp, vt ngi cht ui, a ngi b trng c ra khi vng c kh
c, ra khi bung kn (phi phng gi cho ngi cp cu
khng b nhim c).
- Nhanh chng gii phng cho cc ng h hp trn khi cc vt
tr ngi nh:
+ Lau chi t, mu hoc m di mi ming, khi cn ht trc
tip bng ming cho sch m, di.
+ Ni hoc tho b qun o v cc dy nt quanh ngi b nn.

* Nhng im cn ch khi lm h hp nhn to:
- Lm rt kin tr cho n khi h hp t nhin hi phc, c tr-
ng hp phi lm ti mt hai gi.
- Lm ng nguyn tc, khng vi vng, khng lm u, gi ng
tc .
- Lm ch thong kh, khng nhiu ngi chen chc xung
quanh, khng nm ch gi lnh.
Nhng vic lm ng thi vi h hp nhn to: Chng chong,
si m, tim thuc tr tim (khi c iu kin).
Tuyt i khng chuyn ngi b ngt th i vin khi h hp t
nhin cha hi phc.
Ch : Khng lm h hp nhn to cho ngi b
nhim cht c ho hc.


+ Thi ngt:
t ngi b nn nm nga,
ngi cp cu qu bn cnh, st
ngang vai. t mt chic gi
di gy ngi b nn cho u hi
ng ra sau: Dng mt ngn tay
qun vi sch, a vo trong
ming lau ht m, di v
cc cht nn
t mt ming gc mng che
kn ming (c th khng t
gc m thi trc tip vo
ming).


+ Thi ngt:
Ngi cp cu mt tay bp kn hai
bn mi, mt tay y mnh cm cho
ming h ra, ht hi tht mnh ri
p ming mnh st ming ngi b
nn thi ra mnh. Lm lin tip nh
th vi nhp 15-20 ln/ pht;
nu c phi hp n tim ngoi lng
ngc, ch thi ngt 10-20 ln/pht.
Ngoi phng php trc tip thi
vo ming, ngi b nn ni trn
cn c th thi ngt vo mi ngi
b nn hoc dng mt ng c
bit thi hi vo ming ngi
b nn.


+ n tim ngoi lng ngc
Ngi cp cu qu bn cnh
ngi b nn ngang tht lng.
t hai bn tay chng ln
nhau, vo 1/3 di xng c,
n mnh bng sc nng ca
c th xung c, lm cho xng
c ln xung 2-3cm. Vi tr em
n nh hn, phng lm gy
xng sn.
Sau mi ln n, nhc nh tay
ln cho lng ngc tr li v tr
bnh thng. Duy tr nhp
n t 50-60 ln/pht.




g) Vt thng bng, vt thng ngc
Vt thng bng do ho kh l loi vt thng nng, d kt
hp nhiu b phn nh: d dy, rut , gan, l nch. Ngay sau khi b
thng d mt nhiu mu, bin chng khn lng c th gy t
vong.
Vt thng ngc cng l loi vt thng nng c th km
theo tn thng phi, tim. . Ngay sau khi b thng d mt nhiu
mu, bin chng khn lng c th gy t vong.
- Triu chng:
+ i vi vt thng bng: Triu chng c khi y r rt nh-
ng c khi rt kh phn on.
+ i vi vt thng ngc kn : th nhanh, kh kh, khc ra mu.
+ i vi vt thng ngc h : Chong, c th mu ra nhiu, kh
th.
.


- Cch x tr:
+ i vi vt thng thu bng: Bng b che kn vt thng , khi bng
nu c ph tng li ra ngoi tuyt i khng c nht vo bng,
c th dng bt p vo ch b thng ri bng cht li hoc dng
bng lm vnh khn bao quanh ch ph tng li ra sau mi
bng li. Nu thng binh c hin tng chong cn thng binh yn
tnh ni an ton, tim thuc tr lc, tr sc, m cho thng binh trc
khi chuyn v tuyn sau. Khi chuyn thng binh t nm nga,
p nh vo ch bng tng li thm ra. Khng c cho thng
binh n ung v khng c tim mocphin.
+ i vi vt thng thu ngc : Bng cht kn hoc nt kn, khu
kn vt thng nu c iu kin; k cao u, lau, ht sch m
phng ngt th. Nu gy xng sn th bng vng quanh ngc vn
chuyn nhanh v tuyn sau phu thut. Khi chuyn thng binh
t nm nga, u ngc k cao.


h) Vt thng s no, vt thng ct sng
- c im:
+ Vt thng s no phn lm hai loi: vt thng phn mm s
no, vt thng thu no lm v hp s, tn thng no. vt thng
s no do v kh n thng l rt nng, kh nng nhim khun
cao.
+ Vt thng ct sng phn lm hai loi: vt thng ct sng khng
chm tu sng, vt thng ct sng c chm tu sng. Tn thng
tu c nhiu mc nhng u rt nguy him, mt dch tu
nhiu s suy kit rt nhanh.


h) Vt thng s no, vt thng ct sng
- Triu chng:
+ Vt thng s no: vt thng phn mm ch tn thng da,
gn, c nhng c th kt hp vi chn ng gy chy mu trong
hp s rt nguy him. vt thng thu no u km theo tn th-
ng phn mm v hp s, c th b ph no v gy ri lon tim
mch, h hp. Sau khi b thng thng thng ri lon tri gc thm
tr hn m li b. Ngoi ra c th b nn ma, chong, mt nhiu
mu, lit chi hoc ton thn.
+ Vt thng ct sng: Vt thng ct sng khng chm tu khng
c triu chng g c bit, tn thng s dn hi phc. Nhng
vt thng ct sng c chm tu c th b chong, mt cm gic
tiu, i tin, lit chi, lit ton thn.


h) Vt thng s no, vt thng ct sng

- Cch x tr:
+ Chng chong, ngt th (lau ht sch m ri, t u thng
binh nghing v mt bn).
+ Bng b, cm mu, c nh ng k thut.
+ Nhanh chng chuyn thng binh v tuyn sau. Khi chuyn th-
ng binh cn t trn cng cng v khng i cng, vt thng
vng c th c nh bng np chuyn dng (Crame) hoc chn
c nh hai bn u.