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  • Freeze Drying Guide for Pharmaceuticals and Food

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    Jabel Pates
    217 views57 pages
    This document discusses freeze drying as a method for drying heat-sensitive materials like pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and food. Freeze drying works by freezing the material and then reducing pressure to allow the frozen water to sublimate directly from solid to gas, removing it without exposing the material to damaging heat. This process preserves the material's structure, aroma, and quality better than other drying methods like contact drying. The document outlines the freeze drying process, including pre-treatment, freezing, primary drying where sublimation occurs, secondary drying to remove remaining water, and after treatment. It also describes different types of freeze dryers like manifold, rotary, tray, and continuous dryers.

    Original Description:

    Concepts and processing schemes for freeze drying

    Original Title

    Freeze Drying

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    This document discusses freeze drying as a method for drying heat-sensitive materials like pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and food. Freeze drying works by freezing the material and then reducing pressure to allow the frozen water to sublimate directly from solid to gas, removing it without exposing the material to damaging heat. This process preserves the material's structure, aroma, and quality better than other drying methods like contact drying. The document outlines the freeze drying process, including pre-treatment, freezing, primary drying where sublimation occurs, secondary drying to remove remaining water, and after treatment. It also describes different types of freeze dryers like manifold, rotary, tray, and continuous dryers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    217 views57 pages

    Freeze Drying Guide for Pharmaceuticals and Food

    Uploaded by

    Jabel Pates
    This document discusses freeze drying as a method for drying heat-sensitive materials like pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and food. Freeze drying works by freezing the material and then reducing pressure to allow the frozen water to sublimate directly from solid to gas, removing it without exposing the material to damaging heat. This process preserves the material's structure, aroma, and quality better than other drying methods like contact drying. The document outlines the freeze drying process, including pre-treatment, freezing, primary drying where sublimation occurs, secondary drying to remove remaining water, and after treatment. It also describes different types of freeze dryers like manifold, rotary, tray, and continuous dryers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 57

    AMPILOQUIO BAJALLA PATES

    *REMOVE WATER TO
    INCREASE SHELF LIFE
    DRYING
    *PREVENT CONTAMINATION
    * ANTIBIOTICS AND
    PHARMACEUTICALS
    * VACCINES
    * MICR0-ORGANISMS
    * TISSUE CULTURES
    * SPACE FOOD and other
    FOODSTUFF
    *How to dry these
    important materials??
    CONTACT / CONVECTIVE
    DRYERS
    HEATING
    BAD IDEA!!!!!
    HEAT SENSITIVE MATERIALS
    MUST AVOID THERMAL
    DEGREDATION!!
    *WHY???
    FREEZE
    DRYER
    FREEZE DRYING
    Water is removed as
    vapor by sublimation in
    a vacuum chamber

    Also known as
    lyophilisation
    Maintains the basic
    structure and composition
    of the material

    Frozen substances provide
    structural rigidity,
    prevents collapse of the
    porous structure
    Highest Quality product
    from a drying process

    Aroma and flavor is
    preserved in food

    Expensive, long drying
    times
    DRYING PROCESS
    PRETREATMENT
    FREEZING
    PRIMARY DRYING
    SECONDARY DRYING
    AFTER TREATMENT
    PRE-TREATMENT
    Product concentration
    Stability Improvement
    Decreasing High Vapor
    Pressure solvent
    Increase material
    surface area
    FREEZING
    Removal of Heat to create a
    state suitable for sublimation
    drying
    Material is cooled below triple
    point
    Usually, the freezing
    temperatures are between 50
    C and 80 C
    FREEZING
    Suitable freezing
    technique must be
    specified prior to drying

    FREEZING
    Freezing Methods for Solids

    Blast Freezing
    Individual Quick
    Freezing


    FREEZING
    Freezing Methods for Liquids

    Drum Freezing
    Belt Freezing
    Foaming


    PRIMARY DRYING
    Pressure is lowered to a few
    millibars

    Sufficient Heat is supplied to
    allow sublimation

    Heat of Sublimation of ice is
    2838 kJ/kg
    PRIMARY DRYING
    Heat may be conducted:

    Through the layer of
    dried material
    Through the frozen layer

    PRIMARY DRYING
    PRIMARY DRYING
    PLANE OF
    SUBLIMATION
    PRIMARY DRYING
    Combination of either:
    Convection,
    Conduction and
    Radiation
    Conduction and
    Radiation
    PRIMARY DRYING
    CONVECTION
    CONDUCTION
    Heat is supplied by surrounding gases
    SECONDARY DRYING
    Remove unfrozen water
    molecules

    Strong physio-chemical
    forces

    Desorption Process
    SECONDARY DRYING
    Overcome capillary action
    and other physio-chemcal
    interactions of water and
    the material
    Higher Temperature, Low
    Pressure
    SECONDARY DRYING
    Overcome capillary action
    and other physio-chemical
    interactions of water and
    the material
    Higher Temperature, Low
    Pressure
    AFTER TREATMENT
    Storage mechanisms

    PROCESS EXAMPLE
    GEA Pharma Systems, supplier
    for Pharmaceutical production
    equipment

    Pharmaceutical Freeze Drying

    FREEZE DRYER:
    CLASSIFICATIONS
    MODE OF OPERATION
    Batch Operation with low
    capacities (Long Drying
    Times)

    Continuous Operations
    exist


    MODE OF THERMAL ENERGY
    INPUT
    Indirect Dryer. Heat is
    transferred to the wet material
    by conduction through a solid
    retaining wall, usually metallic


    Sorce: Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook
    BASIC PARTS
    VACUUM CHAMBER
    Vacuum pump, reduces
    ambient presssure

    Compressor, removes
    the moisture through
    condensation on a
    surface
    CATEGORIES OF FREEZE
    DRIERS
    Manifold Freeze-Dryer
    Rotary Freeze-Dryer
    Tray Style Freeze-Dryer

    MANIFOLD FREEZE DRYER
    MANIFOLD FREEZE DRYER
    Laboratory scale
    Special Products, only
    used for a short period
    of time

    MANIFOLD FREEZE DRYER
    a short circular tube is
    used to connect multiple
    containers with the dried
    product to a condenser
    ROTARY FREEZE DRYER
    ROTARY FREEZE DRYER
    Cylindrical reservoir that
    is rotated during drying
    for a more uniform
    drying

    ROTARY FREEZE DRYER
    Used for drying
    pellets, cubes and
    other solid materials
    that can flow

    TRAY STYLE FREEZE DRYER
    TRAY STYLE FREEZE DRYER
    rectangular reservoir with
    shelves on which products
    can be placed in trays, vials
    and other containers.


    TRAY STYLE FREEZE DRYER
    allows the product to be
    frozen in place and performs
    both primary and secondary
    freeze-drying, thus producing
    the driest possible end-
    product

    TRAY STYLE FREEZE DRYER
    TRAY STYLE FREEZE DRYER
    Tunnel Freeze Dryer
    Continuous Radiation Freeze Drying Plant

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