PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS

Shelly, Sarah, Syaqeerah, Tania, Aisya

Definition Of Liquid
Pressure
Refers to the pressure exerted by
a fluid. It is directly proportional
to the specific gravity at a
specific point and to the height
of the fluid above that point.
When you swim, you can feel the pressure
acting on your ear drum. Why ?
The deeper you swim the greater the
pressure. At greater depth, the weight of the
liquid above contributes to the pressure.
The deeper the point, the greater the weight
of the liquid above.


Characteristics of
Liquid Pressure
Pressure increases with depth
The deeper the liquid, the further the liquid
spurts out.
In conclusion, the pressure in a liquid
increases with
depth.

Pressure acts in all direction

The pressure at any point of a liquid acts
equally in all direction.
Pressure in liquid does not
depends on

the size/shape of the container


h
*since h is the same
the area of its surface
h h
The pressure is the same at the bottom.
*since h is the same.
Pressure at 2 points at the same
level in the same liquid are equal
When the container is drilled with several
indentical holes at the same height, water will
spurt out at the equal speeds to reach equal
distances from the circumference of the base.

The level of the surface of a liquid in a
container is always the same because for a
given liquid, the pressure is always equal at
the same level.



Pressure depends on the vertical
depth, but not the length of liquid
column

P A = P B
*since they are at the same vertical distance, h , from
the surface of liquid
Deriving the formula for pressure in liquid

P
A
Uniform
column
Liquid
density,
h
Liquid
surface
A = Area of base
h = Depth of base
G = Gravitational field strength
= Density of liquid
1. Figure shows a column of liquid of density, in the form of a cuboid with a
depth, h below the surface of the liquid, and base area, A.
2. The force acting on the base of the surface area, A is the weight of the
column of liquid above it.
3. The formula for the pressure at a depth, h in the liquid can be derived as
follows:
3. The formula for the pressure at a depth, h in the liquid can be derived as follows:


Volume of liquid column, V = Ah
Mass of liquid column, m = V
= Ah
Weight of liquid column, W= mg
= Ahg
The force acting on the surface area A is the weight of the liquid column above it

Pressure, P = weight of liquid column
Area of the base of liquid column
= W
A
=Ahg
A
P = hg
4. The SI unit of pressure is pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to 1N m-2, If h is measured
in metres (m), m-2 in kg m-3, anf g in N kg-1
Application of Pressure in
liquids
The Dam
You can see from the
diagram that the dam is
much thicker at the
bottom than it is at the
top.
This is because the
pressure of the water is
much greater deeper
down and the dam
needs to be thick at the
bottom so that it is
strong enough to
withstand this larger
pressure.
Siphon
In the water siphon the
water will flow out of
the end of the tube A. If
a hole is made in the
tube at P air will get in
and the links between
the water molecules
will be broken and the
flow will stop.

A siphon is useful for
emptying ponds, water
tanks etc. where you
need to make the water
'flow uphill' at the start.

THANK YOU