M8 Introduction to Java API

Java

Course Code #Z16325

Contents

Java API Specifications

java.lang package
Object class
Class class
System class
String and StringBuffer classes

Math class
java.util package

Objectives
Navigate the Java API Specifications
Describe the java.lang package
Explore fundamental classes in java.lang package:

Object
Class
System
String
StringBuffer
Math

Describe the java.util package

Java API Specifications

http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/

List of
Packages

List of
Classes
Package / Class
Description

java.lang package
java.lang provides classes that are fundamental to the
design of the Java programming language.
Object class, the root of the class hierarchy.
Class class, represents classes at run time.
Wrapper classes represent primitive types as objects.
Math class provides mathematical functions.
String and StringBuffer classes provide operations on
strings.
System classes provide system operations.
Throwable class represents errors and exceptions.

java.lang is implicitly imported in every Java source

file.
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Object class
Declaration: public class Object
Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has
Object as a superclass. All objects inherit the methods of this class.

Method Summary
protected Object
boolean
protected void
Class<? extends Object>
int

clone()

equals(Object obj)
finalize()
getClass()
hashCode()

void

notify()

void

notifyAll()

String

toString()

void

wait()

void

wait(long timeout)

void

wait(long timeout, int nanos)

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Class class
Declaration: public final class Class extends Object
implements Serializable, GenericDeclaration, Type,
AnnotatedElement
Instances of the class Class represent classes and interfaces in a
running Java application.
Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as a Class
object that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and
number of dimensions.
The primitive Java types (boolean, byte, char, short,
int, long, float, and double), and the keyword void are
also represented as Class objects.
Class has no public constructor. Instead Class objects are
constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
are loaded in the class loader.
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Class class
Method Summary (Partial List)
static Class
Class[]

Constructor[]
Field[]
Class[]

forName(String className)
getClasses()

getConstructors()
getFields()
getInterfaces()

Method[]

getMethods()

int

getModifiers()

String
Package

getName()
getPackage()

String

getSimpleName()

Class

getSuperclass()

boolean

isArray()

boolean

isInstance(Object obj)

boolean

isInterface()

boolean

isLocalClass()

boolean

isMemberClass()

boolean

isPrimitive()
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System class
Declaration: public final class System extends Object
The System class contains several useful class fields and methods
which are related to the following operations:
standard input, standard output, and error output streams.
access to externally defined properties and environment variables.
a means of loading files and libraries.
and a utility method for quickly copying a portion of an array.

System class
Method Summary (Partial List)

Field Summary
static PrintStream

err

static InputStream

in

static PrintStream

out

static void
static String

arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length)
clearProperty(String key)

static long

currentTimeMillis()

static void

exit(int status)

static void

gc()

static Map<String,String>
static String

static Properties

getenv()
getenv(String name)

getProperties() .

static SecurityManager

getSecurityManager()

static void

load(String filename)

static long

nanoTime()

static void

runFinalization()

static void

runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value)

static void

setErr(PrintStream err)

static void

setIn(InputStream in)

static void

setOut(PrintStream out)

static void

setProperties(Properties props)

static void

setSecurityManager(SecurityManager s)
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String class
Declaration: public final class String extends Object
implements Serializable, Comparable<String>,
CharSequence
The String class represents character strings. All string literals in Java
programs are implemented as instances of this class.
Strings are immutable, their values cannot be changed after they are
created
The class String includes methods for examining individual
characters of the sequence, for comparing strings, for searching strings,
for extracting substrings, and for creating a copy of a string with all
characters translated to uppercase or to lowercase.

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String class
Method Summary (Partial List)
char
int
String

charAt(int index)
compareTo(String anotherString)
concat(String str)

boolean

contains(CharSequence s)

boolean

endsWith(String suffix)

boolean

equals(Object anObject)

static String

format(String format, Object... args)

int

hashCode()

int

indexOf(int ch)

int

length()

boolean
String
String[]
boolean

matches(String regex)
replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
split(String regex)
startsWith(String prefix)

String

substring(int beginIndex)

String

toLowerCase()

String

toUpperCase()

String

trim()
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StringBuffer class
Declaration: public final class StringBuffer
extends Object implements Serializable, CharSequence

StringBuffer is a thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters. A

StringBuffer is like a String, but can be modified.
StringBuffer class has been supplemented with an equivalent class
designed for use by a single thread, StringBuilder.
The StringBuilder class should generally be used in preference to
StringBuffer as it supports all of the same operations but is faster
as it performs no synchronization.

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StringBuffer class
Method Summary (Partial List)
StringBuffer

append(String str)

StringBuffer

append(StringBuffer sb)

int
char

capacity()

charAt(int index)

StringBuffer

delete(int start, int end)

StringBuffer

deleteCharAt(int index)

int
StringBuffer

indexOf(String str)
insert(int offset, String str)

int

lastIndexOf(String str)

int

length()

StringBuffer

replace(int start, int end, String str)

StringBuffer

reverse()

void

setCharAt(int index, char ch)

void

setLength(int newLength)

String

substring(int start)

String

substring(int start, int end)

String

toString()

void

trimToSize()
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Math class
Declaration: public final class Math extends Object
Math class contains methods for performing basic numeric
operations such as elementary exponential, logarithm, square root,
and trigonometric functions.
Math class cannot be extended (it is declared final) nor instantiated
(its constructor is private).
Its methods are declared static and can be invoked using its class
name.

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Math class
Field Summary
static double

static double

PI

Method Summary (Partial List)

static double

abs(double a)

static double

ceil(double a)

static double

cos(double a)

static double

exp(double a)

static double

floor(double a)

static double

log(double a)

static double

log10(double a)

static double

log1p(double x)

static double

max(double a, double b)

static double

min(double a, double b)

static double

pow(double a, double b)

static double

random()

static long

round(double a)

static double

sin(double a)

static double

sqrt(double a)

static double

tan(double a)

static double

toDegrees(double angrad)

static double

toRadians(double angdeg)
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Wrapper Classes
The wrapper classes serve two primary purposes:
To provide a mechanism to "wrap" primitive values in an object so
that the primitives can be included in activities reserved for objects,
such as being added to collections, or returned from a method with an
object return value.
To provide an assortment of utility functions for primitives. Most of
these functions are related to various conversions: converting
primitives to and from String objects, and converting primitives and
String objects to and from different bases (or radix), such as binary,
octal, and hexadecimal.

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Wrapper Classes Constructors

Primitive

Wrapper Class

Constructor Arguments

boolean

Boolean

boolean or String or null

byte

Byte

byte of String

char

Character

char

double

Double

double or String

float

Float

float, double, or String

int

Integer

int or String

long

Long

long or String

short

Short

short or String

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java.util package
Contains classes related to the following:

Collections framework
Legacy collection classes
Event model
Date and time facilities
Internationalization
Miscellaneous utility classes
StringTokenizer, random-number generator, and bit array

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Key Points
The Java API is prewritten code organized into packages of similar topics
java.lang provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the
Java programming language
java.lang contains the following classes: Object, Class, Math,
String, StringBuffer, Throwable,Wrapper classes and System
classes
java.lang package is implicitly imported in every Java source file
Object is the superclass of all classes
String objects are immutable
java.util contains classes related to the following:
Collections framework
Legacy collection classes
Event model
Date and time facilities
Internationalization
Miscellaneous utility classes
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