SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

STRUCTURAL STEEL
SUBMITTED TO :

PRESENTED BY:

SACHIN SIR
MEENAKSHI MADAM

AVANI AGRAWAL
RITIJA MEHKAR
1

CONTENTS

Introduction
History
Chemical Composition
Manufacturing
Properties
Basic Structural steel shapes
Applications And Uses

INTRODUCTION
Variety of heavy steel shapes (such as the H-beams, Ibeams, and T-beams) used as load bearing members of
a structural frame. Collectively called structurals.
Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile,
formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain
standards of chemical composition and mechanical
properties. Structural steel shape, size, composition,
strength, storage, etc., is regulated in most industrialized
countries. Structural steel members, such as I-beams, have
high second moments of area, which allow them to be very
stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area.
3

HISTORY
As far back as the 1700's architects were using iron to form
the structural basis of roofs. Primarily implemented as an
effort to make buildings fireproof, structural erection with
iron was the method of choice for most factories and
commercial buildings of the day. The first I-beams made
entirely of wrought iron were made in Paris circa 1847,
followed closely by an iron works company in New Jersey.
Also used in turn of the century bridge building, wrought
iron soon proved to be too weak to handle extreme weight,
making way for the use of steel.
4

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CARBON: Higher strength and lower ductibility
MANGANESE: 0.50 % TO 1.70 %
CHROMIUM: Present in small amount and used to
increase the corrosion resistance
COLUMBIUM: Strength enhancing material
OTHERS: Aluminium,Silicon,Nickel,Titanium etc..

MANUFACTURING
There are two basic processes in use today for the
manufacture of structural steel.

Hot-rolled shapes including wide-flange sections, angles and

channels are produced in steel mills utilizing Electric Arc
Furnaces (EAF).
Hollow Steel Sections (HSS) are manufactured from rolls of
sheet steel that may have originally been produced in either a
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or an EAF.
6

EAF PROCESS
The EAF process uses steel scrap as its basic feedstock
material. Scrap from old automobiles, appliances,
industrial waste and curbside recycling collection is melted
in large electric furnaces. Impurities skimmed from the
liquid steel and chemical additives are introduced to bring
the steel to its desired metallurgical balance. The liquid
steel is then cast into a beam blank that is similar in shape
to a steel beam. The beam blanks are cooled, reheated and
then passed through a series of rollers forming the beam
into its precise geometric shape. The beams are then
straightened, cut into standard shipping lengths, cooled and
prepared for shipment. The recycled content of structural
steel produced using the EAF process averages near 90%.
7

BOF PROCESS
The BOF process used to make steel plate or rolled sheet
steel is the more traditional method using iron ore and
coke. Iron ore is melted in a coke (a processed form of
coal) fired blast furnace and then transferred to a ladle. The
molten iron in the ladle is chemically pretreated and
introduced along with steel scrap into the basic oxygen
furnace where the entire mix is melted together while
oxygen is introduced into the middle of the mix through a
water-cooled lance. The molten mix is then poured into a
ladle for rolling into sheet or plate. The recycled content of
steel produced using the BOF process averages near 25%.
8

PROPERTIES
Corrosion: Structural steel cannot be exposed to the
environment because any moisture, or other contact with
water, will cause it to rust. When the steel rusts it
compromises the structural integrity of the building and
poses a potential danger to the residual or surrounding
occupants.
9

 Sustanibility: Sustainability is structural steels middle

name. Structural steel is the most recycled material on our
planet todays structural steel is made of 88% recycled
product, is fully recyclable in the future and can be reused
without further processing. The carbon footprint of structural
steel has been reduced by 47% since 1990. Energy used in the
production of structural steel has been reduced by 9% in the
past 10 years and over 30% in the past three decades.

Fire Resistant Property: Steel structural properties and

its yield strength considerably decrease as it absorbs heat upon
exposure to a high temperature level.

10

BASIC STRUCTURAL STEEL

SHAPES

USES AND APPLICATIONS

Power Plants: Structural steel is used for power
plant to house large & heavy and critical equipments.

High Rise Buildings: Multi storey building

from 23 m to 150 m height (high rise buildings) and Building
above 150 m height (skyscrapers). High-rise steel structure
can be made for any height as per project requirement.
12

Commercial Buildings: As an external rain

guard of a building and internal walls of a multistory building
there is no height limitation.

Metro Stations: Steel structure with its high

tensile strength for tracks and support columns faster
construction within congested metro cities.

Others: Refineries, Industrial Sheds, Ware houses,

Cold Storages, Residential, Complexes,Air Craft Hangers,
Commercial Buildings, etc
13

THANK YOU