ASSESMENT OF

INTRASPECIFIC AND
INTERSPECIFIC
COMPETITION BETWEEN
MT. MAKILING
DIPTEROCARP TREES
Callanta, Dela Paz, Landicho, Matubis, Sison

INTRODUCTION

Introduction: Competition
In forests:
Numerous &
diverse
organisms

Limited
resources

Competition
between &
among
species

Introduction: Competition
Types:
Intraspecific between species
Interspecific among species

Types:
Exploitative
Interference

Types:
Scramble
Contest

Introduction: Competition
Threat to:
Growth
Reproduction/Natality
Survival/Mortality

Competitors compete for:

Light
Soil nutrients
Moisture

Introduction: Competition

How to assess:
Correlate their diameters with the distance
between them

Scope and Delimitations

The selection of trees will be confined in a given
area.
The experiment will assess the intraspecific and
interspecific competition and its effect on tree
growth, as seen in trunk diameter, of two tree
species in the area (White Lauan(Shorea
contorta), Bagtikan(Parashorea plicata)).
Tree > 1m in height
Any other factors that might have influenced the
growth (diameter) will not be explored.

Introduction: Objectives
To assess the degree of competition
among and between dipterocarp forest
trees of Mt Makiling Raptors area
To compare the significance of
competition among trees of the same
species with that of different species

METHODOLOGY

Methodology
Survey 15 pairs of trees (same species, different species) nearest neighbor

Measure circumference of the trees and the distance between pairs

Mark trees that have been measured

Plot the log of the combined diameters with the log of the distance bet them

Compute for r value and test with t-test

Make a scatter plot diagram

RESULTS

INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION

Intraspecific Woodland competition

INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION

log of the distance between the 2 trees

Log of Distance

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

Log of Diameter

Log of Distance

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

Log of Diameter

0.2

0.4

0.6

GROUP 2 INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION

Linear (GROUP 2 INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION)

Intrasecific Woodland Competition

-0.5

LOG COMBINED DIAMETERS OF PAIRS

0
-0.5

1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

LOG DISTANCE
BETWEEN PAIRS

0.1

0.2

0.8

Intraspecific competition
Null: there is no significant relationship
between the diameter of the tree and the
distance between them
Alternative: There is a significant
relationship between the diameter of the
tree and the distance between them

Summary of Intraspecific
Competion
R value

T value

Interpretation

Group 1

0.260375

3.361

Poorly correlated,
significant

Group 2

0.0922

-4.87

Poorly correlated,
significant

Group 3

-0.4588

-4.9274

Poorly correlated,
significant

Group 4

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

Interspecific Woodland Competition

interspecific woodland competition
1

log of distance

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

log of combined diameter

Interspecific Woodland competition

1

Log of distance

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0
Log of diameter

0.1

0.2

0.3

Interspecific Hypothesis
Null: there is no significant relationship
between the diameter of the tree and the
distance between them
Alternative: There is a significant
relationship between the diameter of the
tree and the distance between them

Summary of interspecific
competition
R value

T value

Conclusion

-0.060313

-0.79418

Poorly correlated;
insignificant

Group 3

0.08586

1.12448

Poorly correlated;
insignificant

Group 4

0.20956

2.489

Poorly correlated;
insignificant

Group 1
Group 2

DISCUSSION

Competition
rivalry between individuals for territory, a
niche, or allocation of resources
Plants
Space
Light
Nutrients
Water

Dominant tree species

Dipterocarp
Two-winged fruit
Largest genus : Shorea
Large forest emergent, pantropical
distribution
Valuable woods, aromatic essential oils,
balsam, resins, plywood

Mixed dipterocarp forest

Generally occur up to an elevation of
about 800m
Dominated by dipterocarp species

tiaong or tangile (Shorea polysperma)

almon (S. almon)
red lauan (S. negrosensis)
mayapis (S. squamata)
yakal (S. astylosa)
guijo (S. guiso).
apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus)
hagakhak (D. warburghii)
bagtikan (Parashorea plicata)
white lauan (Shorea contorta)
Similar wood
Similar ecological requirements

Lauan forest
Lowland areas and foothills 400m
Dominated by red lauan and white lauan
Varies from typical TRF with 50m or more
tall to no more than half the height with
poor lopsided crowns, flat upper canopy

Lauan
lauan-apitong
yakal-lauan
lauan-hagakhag
tangile-oak (montane) forests

Same insect pollinators

Dipterocarp seeds are too heavy land
directly under the tree
Overcrowding competition for space
Do not survive long periods at sea
Isolated populations

Interspecific Competition
Individuals of different species vie for the
same resource in an ecosystem
Lowered growth and survival if the
resource available is low
Has the potential to alter population,
communities and evolution

Intraspecific Competition
2 types
Adapted or programmed
Forms aggressive social behavior such as
territoriality

Unadapted or incidental
Results from the accidental interaction between
organisms using the same resource

Significance of competition as an
agent of natural selection
Promotes dispersion
Regulates of population through social
dominance
Helps manage over the weaker ones
Results to submissiveness of
subdominant individuals

Scramble competition
takes place when none of the competitors
receives enough of the resource for
growth and reproduction
produces disordered oscillations in the
populations over time
limits the average density of the
population to below that which the
resources could support if they were
available to only part of the population
wastes resources

Contest competition
takes place when some individuals claim
enough resources while denying others a
share
a fraction of the population suffers, the
unsuccessful ones
permits the maintenance of high
population density
maintains numerical population constancy
eliminates or greatly reduces the wastage
of resources

both are applicable to competing plant

populations
scramble if: plants are of the same height,
root length, other morphological
characteristics (e.g. if all are shrubs)
contest if: some plants are significantly taller
than others (e.g. some are trees, some are
shrubs)

Self-thinning
event when plants are reduced by number
so that other plants in the area may be
able to grow and develop
behavioral response of organisms to
crowded / dense environment

Monoculture
planting of single species over a wide area

Polyculture
planting of 2 or more different species over a
wide area

Resource partitioning
partitioning of resources wherein each species
of an interspecific competition exploits a portion
of the resources unavailable to others
When 2 species or organisms divide a resource
so that both would be able to utilize it
3 types
Temporal Partitioning
Spatial Partitioning
Morphological Partitioning

Temporal Partitioning
2 species eliminate competition by utilizing
resources at different times

Spatial Competition
2 species use the same resource by
occupying different areas where the
resource is present
Can occur at microhabitat differentiation or
geographical differentiation

Morphological Partitioning
Happens when 2 organisms evolve that
allows them utilize a resource in different
ways

CONCLUSION

There is poor competition among

lauan trees in Mt. Makiling Raptors
area
There is insignificant competition
between White Lauan and
Bagtikan trees of Mt Makiling
Raptors area
Intraspecific>Interspecific

RAW DATA!!!

pair

distance
diameter of the diameter of the
between the 2
1st tree
second tree
trees

log of the
combined
diameters of
the 2 trees

log of the
square of the
distance
log of the
between the 2
combined
trees
diameters

square of the
(log of
log of the
combined
distance
diameters)(log
between the
of distance)
trees

0.565000525 0.416986303

5.69

-0.007894337 0.755112266 6.23206E-05 0.570194535 -0.005961111

0.565000525 0.275338284

3.81

-0.075545579 0.580924976 0.005707135 0.337473827 -0.043886314

0.416986303 0.275338284

4.92

-0.159690245 0.691965103 0.025500974 0.478815703 -0.110500076

0.275338284 0.318310155

4.66

-0.22647067 0.668385917 0.051288964 0.446739734 -0.151369806

0.318310155 0.162338179

2.19

-0.318172559 0.340444115 0.101233777 0.115902195 -0.108319975

0.162338179 0.275338284

3.52

-0.358846808 0.546542663 0.128771031 0.298708883 -0.19612509

0.318310155 0.197352296

3.69

-0.287634491 0.567026366 0.082733601

0.197352296 0.203718499

3.64

-0.396778961 0.561101384 0.157433544 0.314834763 -0.222633224

0.197352296 0.229183312

1.38

-0.370044707 0.139879086 0.136933086 0.019566159 -0.051761516

10

0.416986303 0.318310155

3.71

-0.133537526 0.56937391 0.017832271 0.324186649 -0.076032783

11

0.203718499 0.229183312

4.58

-0.363610597 0.660865478 0.132212667 0.43674318 -0.240297691

12

0.565000525 0.229183312

8.51

-0.100078956 0.92992956 0.010015797 0.864768987 -0.093066379

13

0.565000525 0.318310155

6.37

-0.053886518 0.804139432 0.002903757 0.646640227 -0.043332274

14

0.565000525 0.162338179

5.56

-0.138263301 0.745074792 0.019116741 0.555136445 -0.103016501

15

0.565000525 0.197352296

8.51

-0.117843988 0.92992956 0.013887206 0.864768987 -0.109586608

0.3215189

-0.16309634

-3.108299244 9.490694608 0.88563287 6.595999173 -1.718985689

Group 1 intraspecific competition

pair

distance
diameter of the diameter of the
between the 2
1st tree
second tree
trees

log of the
combined
diameters of
the 2 trees

log of the
square of the
distance
log of the
between the 2
combined
trees
diameters

square of the
(log of
log of the
combined
distance
diameters)(log
between the
of distance)
trees

0.133690265

0.565000525

4.43

-0.155714981

0.646403726

0.024247155

0.417837777

-0.100654744

0.133690265

0.275338284

4.09

-0.388246378

0.611723308

0.15073525

0.374205406

-0.237499359

0.133690265

0.318310155

3.36

-0.344861161

0.526339277

0.118929221

0.277033035

-0.181513975

0.133690265

0.162338179

-0.528666557

0.698970004

0.279488329

0.488559067

-0.369522066

0.133690265

0.229183312

6.65

-0.440244655

0.822821645

0.193815356

0.67703546

-0.362242831

0.133690265

0.197352296

6.42

-0.480116167

0.807535028

0.230511533

0.652112822

-0.387710622

0.089126843

0.318310155

1.4

-0.389939536

0.146128036

0.152052842

0.021353403

-0.056981098

0.089126843

0.162338179

1.38

-0.599522415

0.139879086

0.359427126

0.019566159

-0.083860648

0.089126843

0.275338284

3.34

-0.438344019

0.523746467

0.192145479

0.274310361

-0.229581131

10

0.089126843

0.565000525

5.55

-0.18433768

0.744292983

0.03398038

0.553972045

-0.137201241

11

0.089126843

0.203718499

8.32

-0.533361679

0.920123326

0.28447468

0.846626936

-0.490758522

12

0.04138032

0.565000525

1.33

-0.217254526

0.123851641

0.047199529

0.015339229

-0.02690733

13

0.04138032

0.275338284

5.34

-0.499326425

0.727541257

0.249326879

0.529316281

-0.363280575

14

0.04138032

0.318310155

7.45

-0.444071062

0.872156273

0.197199108

0.760656564

-0.387299363

15

0.04138032

0.162338179

8.05

-0.690969532

0.90579588

0.477438894

0.820466177

-0.625877355

-6.334976773

9.217307939

2.990971761

6.72839072

-4.04089086

Group 1 interspecific competition

Appendix-Raw Data
For Group 2- Intraspecific
Diameter of
Species A

Pair

Distance between
pair

Diameter of Species B

xy

x2

y2

1.59

6.4

1.08

0.426511261

0.806179974

0.343845

0.181912

0.649926

1.08

6.82

1.38

0.390935107

0.833784375

0.325956

0.15283

0.695196

1.59

2.55

1.38

0.472756449

0.40654018

0.192194

0.223499

0.165275

0.18

4.33

1.38

0.193124598

0.636487896

0.122921

0.037297

0.405117

0.18

4.92

1.59

0.247973266

0.691965103

0.171589

0.061491

0.478816

0.52

4.44

0.18

-0.15490196

0.64738297

-0.10028

0.023995

0.419105

0.52

3.35

1.38

0.278753601

0.525044807

0.146358

0.077704

0.275672

0.52

5.87

1.59

0.324282455

0.768638101

0.249256

0.105159

0.590805

4.24

0.52

0.546542663

0.627365857

0.342882

0.298709

0.393588

10

3.11

0.1

0.491361694

0.492760389

0.242124

0.241436

0.242813

11

6.27

1.38

0.641474111

0.797267541

0.511426

0.411489

0.635636

12

4.16

1.05

0.607455023

0.619093331

0.376071

0.369002

0.383277

13

1.05

4.72

0.18

0.089905111

0.673941999

0.060591

0.008083

0.454198

14

1.22

9.71

1.59

0.44870632

0.98721923

0.442972

0.201337

0.974602

15

1.22

11.71

1.38

0.414973348

1.068556895

0.443423

0.172203

1.141814

5.419853049

10.58222865

3.871327

2.566145

7.905838

pair

distance
diameter of the diameter of the
between the 2
1st tree
second tree
trees

log of the
combined
diameters of
the 2 trees

log of the
square of the
distance
log of the
between the 2
combined
trees
diameters

square of the
(log of
log of the
combined
distance
diameters)(log
between the
of distance)
trees

1.62

0.46

5.85

0.318063

0.767156

0.101164

0.588528

0.244004

1.62

0.905

8.145

0.402261

0.910891

0.161814

0.829723

0.366416

1.89

0.905

2.535

0.446382

0.403978

0.199257

0.163198

0.180328

0.945

0.905

4.14

0.267172

0.617

0.071381

0.380689

0.164845

0.945

1.335

0.86

0.357935

-0.0655

0.128117

0.00429

-0.02345

1.8

1.335

2.08

0.496238

0.318063

0.246252

0.101164

0.157835

1.825

1.335

5.715

0.499687

0.757016

0.249687

0.573074

0.378271

1.62

1.17

6.395

0.445604

0.805841

0.198563

0.649379

0.359086

2.22

1.62

7.669

0.584331

0.884739

0.341443

0.782763

0.51698

10

2.595

1.172

8.57

0.575996

0.932981

0.331771

0.870453

0.537393

11

2.595

0.722

2.84

0.520745

0.453318

0.271176

0.205498

0.236063

12

0.773

0.722

2.75

0.174641

0.439333

0.0305

0.193013

0.076726

13

0.773

1.096

3.3

0.271609

0.518514

0.073772

0.268857

0.140833

14

0.285

2.5950 1.55

0.459392

0.190332

0.211041

0.036226

0.087437

15

0.125

2.595

0.434569

-0.04096

0.18885

0.001678

-0.0178

Group 4 interspecific competition6.254626

7.892701

2.804788

5.648533

3.404974

0.91

Computed r = 0.260375
Computed t = 3.361
Critical value = t<-2.61 or t>2.61
Significant Poor positive correlation!

Group 4 interspecific competition

Sources
Smith RL. 1998. Elements of Ecology. 4th
edition. Benjamin Cummings. New York.
Lomnicki, Adam. Population ecology of
individuals.
Perry, David. Forest ecosystems.
http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/woodland_man
age/whatis.htm
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures
/V_Apitong.htm
http://home.comcast.net/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/
inter.html