Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Objectives
Explain why groups and teams are key
contributors to organizational
effectiveness.
Identify the different types of groups and
teams that help managers and
organizations achieve their goals.
Explain how different elements of group
dynamics influence the functioning and
effectiveness of groups and teams.
11/28/2014
Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-2
Learning Objectives
Explain why it is important for groups
and teams to have a balance of
conformity and deviance and a moderate
level of cohesiveness.
Describe how managers can motivate
group members to achieve
organizational goals and reduce social
loafing in groups and teams.
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Figure 15.1
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Figure
15.2
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Question?
Which type of group is one that managers
establish to achieve organization
goals?
A. Formal group
B. Informal group
C. Virtual team
D. Interest group
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Formal Groups
Cross-functional teams
composed of members from different
departments
Cross-cultural teams
composed of members from different
cultures or countries
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Research and
development team
Command groups
Task forces
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Virtual team
Friendship group
Interest group
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Virtual Teams
A team whose members rarely meet
face-to-face
Interact by using various forms of
information technology
Email, computer networks, telephone,
fax, and videoconferences
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-22
Friendship Groups
An informal group composed of employees
who enjoy one anothers company and
socialize with
one another
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-23
Interest Groups
An informal group of employees seeking to
achieve a common goal related to their
membership in an organization
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Group Size
Advantage of small groups
Interact more with each other and easier to
coordinate their efforts
More motivated, satisfied, and committed
Easier to share information
Better able to see the importance of their
personal contributions
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-25
Group Size
Advantages of large groups
More resources at their disposal to achieve
group goals
Enables managers to obtain division of
labor advantages
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-26
Group Size
Disadvantages of large groups
Problem of communication and coordination
Lower level of motivation
Members might not think their efforts are
really needed
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-27
Group Tasks
Group tasks impact how a group
interacts.
Task interdependence shows how the work
of one member impacts another; as
interdependence rises, members must work
more closely together.
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Figure 15.3
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Group Roles
Group Roles
The set of behaviors and tasks that a group
member is expected to perform because of
his or her position in the group.
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Group Roles
In cross-functional teams, members are
expected to perform roles in their specialty.
Managers should clearly describe expected
roles to group members when they are
assigned to the group.
Role-making occurs as workers take on more
responsibility in their roles as group members.
Self-managed teams may assign the roles to
members themselves.
11/28/2014
Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-34
Group Leadership
Effective leadership is a key ingredient in high
performing groups, teams, and organizations.
Formal groups created by an organization
have a leader appointed by the organization.
Groups that evolve independently in an
organization have an informal leader
recognized by the group.
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Figure 15.4
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Storming
Group members disagree on direction and
leadership. Managers need to be sure the
conflict stays focused.
Norming
Close ties and consensus begin to develop
between group members.
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Adjourning
Only for task forces that are temporary.
Note that these steps take time!
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Discussion Question?
What stage of group development is most
important?
A. Forming
B. Storming
C. Norming
D. Performing
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Group Norms
Group Norms
Shared guidelines or rules for behavior that
most group members follow
Managers should encourage members to
develop norms that contribute to group
performance and the attainment of group
goals
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-40
Group Dynamics
Conformity and Deviance
Members conform to norms to obtain rewards,
imitate respected members, and because they
feel the behavior is right.
When a member deviates, other members will
try to make them conform, expel the member,
or change the group norms to accommodate
them.
Conformity and deviance must be balanced for
high performance from the group.
Deviance allows for new ideas in the group.
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Sathyanarayana S Rao
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Figure
15.5
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Question?
What is the degree to which members are
attracted to their group?
A. Group consistency
B. Group organization
C. Group cohesiveness
D. Group constancy
11/28/2014
Sathyanarayana S Rao
15-43
Group Cohesiveness
The degree to which members are
attracted to their group
Three major consequences
Level of participation
Level of conformity to group norms
Emphasis on group goal accomplishment
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Figure 15.6
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Managed Diversity
Group Identity
Success
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Figure 15.7
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