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Students Online Learning Centerthis free web-based student supplement features many of the
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What is Anthropology?
This chapter introduces students to the
textbook by discussing how Anthropology is
defined and how it relates to other academic
fields. It also discusses the different
subfields and dimensions that exist within
Anthropology.
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What is Anthropology?
Society is organized life in groups, a feature that humans share with other
animals.
Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that
govern the beliefs and behaviors of the people exposed to them.
While culture is not biological, the ability to use it rests in hominid biology.
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Intelligence Tests
There
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Intelligence Tests
Jensenism
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Intelligence Tests
Intelligence
write them.
Middle- and upper-class children do well because they share
the test makers educational expectations and standards.
The SATs claim to measure intellectual aptitude but they also
measure the type and quality of high school education,
linguistic and cultural background, and parental wealth.
Studies have shown that performance on the SATs can be
improved by coaching and preparation, placing those students
who can pay for an SAT preparation course at an advantage.
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Intelligence Tests
Cultural
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Cultural Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology combines ethnography and ethnology to study
human societies and cultures for the purpose of explaining social and
cultural similarities and differences.
Ethnography produces an account (a book, an article, or a film) of a
particular community, society, or culture based on information that is
collected during fieldwork.
Generally, ethnographic fieldwork involves living in the community
that is being studied for an extended period of time (e.g. 6 months to 2
years).
Ethnographic fieldwork tends to emphasize local behavior, beliefs,
customs, social life, economic activities, politics, and religion, rather
then developments at the national level.
Since cultures are not isolated, ethnographers must investigate the
local, regional, national, and global systems of politics, economics,
and information that expose villagers to external influences.
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Cultural Anthropology
Ethnology
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Cultural Anthropology
Comparison between Ethnography and Ethnology
ETHNOGRAPHY
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ETHNOLOGY
descriptive
synthetic
group/community specific
comparative/cross-cultural
Archaeological Anthropology
Archaeological
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Archaeological Anthropology
The
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Biological Anthropology
Biological,
Biological
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Biological Anthropology
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2002 by ThePhoto
McGraw-Hill
Inc. / All
rights Geographic
reserved.
Credit: Companies,
Kenneth Garrett
National
Linguistic Anthropology
Linguistic
Theoretical/Academic Anthropology
Theoretical/academic
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Applied Anthropology
Applied
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Medical Anthropology
Medical anthropology
studies health
conditions from a
cross-cultural
perspective. In
Uganda's Mwiri
primary school
children are taught
about HIV.
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2002 by
The McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.Pictures
All rights
reserved.
Photo
Credit: Jorgen
Schytte / Still
/ Peter
Arnold,
Applied Anthropology
Applied
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GENERAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural Anthropology
APPLIED
ANTHROPOLOGY
Medical Anthropology
Archaeological
Anthropology
Cultural Resource
Management (CRM)
Biological or Physical
Anthropology
Forensic Anthropology
Linguistic Anthropology
Non-government
Organizations (NGOs)
2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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