Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lab. Monitoring
Cleaning /
Disinfection
Vaccination
Feed
All-in All-out
Management
Flock management
Hygiene
Control of
Rodents &
Insects
Health is a balance
Disease agents:
Resistance:
- Deficiencies
- Good feed
- Toxins
- intestinal flora
- Viruses
- Immunity
- bacteria
* Local
- Parasites
* Systemic
Primary Organs
Thymus gland
T-cell system
cell-mediated immunity
Bursa of Fabricius
B-cell system
humoral immunity
Bone marrow
Precursor blood cells
Yolk sac
Maternal immunity
Peripheral lymphoid
tissue
Harderian gland
Caecal tonsilles
Spleen
GALT
Age of the
First Vaccination
Interval between
Subsequent
Vaccinations
Number of
Vaccinations
GOOD
VACCINATION
PROGRAM
DESIGN
Type of
Vaccines
Route of
Vaccination
Correct Vaccine
Correct
Vaccine
Storage
Good Nutrition
No
Immune
Suppression
GOOD
IMMUNE
RESPONSE
No Stress
Healthy Birds
Good
Administration
Technique
Correct
Vaccination
Programme
Immune suppression.
Immune suppressive viral infections.
Stress.
Mycotoxines.
The causative agent is not covered by the used vaccine (e.g. IBV
variants, AIV subtypes, E. coli serotypes).
Advantages
Create complex immunity
Humoral + cellmediated.
Different classes of
antibodies.
Rapid onset of vaccinal
protection.
Easy mass application.
No adjuvans needed.
No hypersensitivity
reactions.
Production in big
quantities.
Disadvantages
Vaccine agent is present
in poultry population.
Possibility of shedding of
the vaccine agent.
Post vaccinal reactions
are possible.
Advantages
No introduction of a new
living agent.
No shedding of the
vaccine agent.
No post vaccinal
reactions.
Accurate individual
vaccination.
Disadvantages
Reactions of
hypersensitivity possible.
Slow onset of protection.
Humoral immunity only.
High labour costs for
application.
Expensive production of
high quality vaccines.
Individual Applications:
Mass-Applications:
Drinking water vaccination
Rapid, easy, very economical, safe.
No disinfectants; control water quality; control water
system and drinker.
Spray vaccination
Lab Monitoring
Sample
-Transfer
-
Week 9
Week 16
Week 22
Week 45
Week 62
box paper
Serum
Test
Salmonella.
- MG IBD SE-SP/G - AI
-
Cloaca swabs
- Serum
-Salmonella
Droppings
- Serum
-Salmonella
Droppings
- Serum
-Salmonella
Droppings
- Serum
-Salmonella
Droppings
- Serum
-Salmonella
ND IBV - etc
Se/St- MG ND AI -etc
SP/G-ND AI MG -etc
Se/St- MG ND AI -etc
Se/St- MG ND- AI -etc
Sample
-Transfer
box paper
Serum
- Droppings
- Marketing Age
Serum
Test
Salmonella.
- MG IBD - AI
- Salmonella
-
ND IBV AI - IBD
Time
Sample
Entrance
Caecal Content
Exit
Neck Skin
Test
Salmonella.
- Campylobacter
-
Salmonella
Serological Monitoring
Most Important serological tests
% CV
Less than 30 %
From 30-50 %
Greater than 50 %
Uniformity
Excellent
Good
Need to Improve
Vaccine Type
Suspect Titer
Infection
2000 5000
4000 8000
800 1500
-Live, 2x (H120)
2000 4000
2500 4500
-Live, 2x (intmed.)
3000 6500
Vaccine Type
-Inact.
2000 8000
10000 15000
2 3 wks
4 7 wks
2000 4000
3 5 wks
-Inact.
6000 17000
5 7 wks
2500 7000
3 5 wks
-Inact.
7000 12000
4 7 wks
Good.
- 10 30 colonie
Moderate.
- Above 30 colonie
Heavy Contamination
Rooms
0 10
11 25
26 - 46
47 66
67 or more
0 - 15
16 - 36
37 57
58 76
77 or more
Score
1- Excellent
2- Good
3- Average
4- Poor
5- Bad
- Interpretation:
- Fluff samples (Microbial counts /gram). (Magwood
. - 1962)
Bacterial Colony Count
Score
-25,000
- 50,000
- 100,000
100,000 +
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Score
05
6 15
16 30
31 50
50 +
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Unacceptable
Conclusion