ANTHROPOMETRICS

Anthropometry
(Greek ,
man, and ,
measure, literally
meaning
"measurement of
humans"), in
physical
anthropology, refers
to the measurement
of living human
individuals for the
purposes of
understanding
human physical
variation.

A Bertillon record for Francis Galton, from a

visit to Bertillon's laboratory in 1893.

Anthropometrics was first used in the

19th and early 20th century in
criminalistics, to identifying criminals by
facial characteristics. Francis Galton was
a key contributor as well, and it was in
showing the redundancy of Bertillon's
measurements that he developed the
statistical concept of correlation.

A
"head-measurer"
tool
designed
anthropological research in the early 1910s.

for

Anthropometrics
Measurement of the size and proportions
of the human body
Is pure discipline
Tangible basis for producing optimum
man-machine relationships
Related to ERGONOMICS or the
measurements of man implemented to
accommodate him to machines

ANTHROPOMORPHIC PROPORTIONS

Based on the dimensions and proportions

of the human body
Predicted on the theory that forms and
spaces in architecture are either containers
or extensions of the human body and
should, therefore be determined by its
dimensions
The dimensions of the human body affect
the volume of space we require for
movement, activity and rest

At some point in your project, you might have been asked to

research a variety of things that will make your structure
better designed. You may have thought of designing spaces
and at some point you may hopefully have thought of doing
an examination of the target market- those people who are
going to use the spaces you are designing.

Our design has to show consideration

of the people we are designing for
We will then have a space that is
comfortable to use and effective in its
functions. Much of the information
that has allowed an effective design
to be created has been found out from
our study of anthropometrics.

The 5th percentile mark is the point below which the smallest 5% of
the population is represented in the graph, the 95th percentile is
similarly the point above which the tallest 5% of the population are
represented. Predictably the 50th percentile mark is the point at
which 50% are below the height and 50% are above. The line down
the middle in this case is the most common height.

Design Limitations

Myth of designing for the average person

Myth of designing for the 5th and 95th percentile

Using appropriate anthropometric data

Design Aids
Data Tables
Mannequins
Computer Generated Models

Human scale
Models
Issues of Diversity

Ethnic Differences
Sex Differences

Body Shape
Growth and
Development

Le Corbusiers MODULOR

1942, first publication

A harmonious measure to the
human scale universally
applicable to Architecture and
Mechanics
Based on mathematics and
proportions of the human
body

Definition of space, ones office space,

is an important factor directly
contributing to the well-being and
motivation of an individual or group.
Le Corbusier in his book, the
Modulor, writes The Modulor is a
measuring tool based on the human
body and mathematics. But the
constructions whose dimensions will
be determined by these measures are
containers or extensions of man.We
are more likely to choose the best
measurements if we can see them,
appraise them with outstretched
hands, not merely imagine them.
Architecture must appeal to our
bodily senses as to our spirits and our
mindsa harmonious coexistence:
man in his environment.

FURNICUBE
A formula discovered by George Salvan
based from the Modulor. Coined from the
furniture and cube which is formed by
the perfect squares
A height of any person in meters divided
by the no. 7.85 will give the dimension of
the head or H

Formula of the FURNICUBE

Ex. 51= 5x12 + 1= 61/12 = 5.08 x 0.3
= 1.525 m.
HEIGHT (m) = HEADSIZE

7.85

Multiply headsize with Comfortable

Heights Formula

Human Dimensions In Workplace Design

Selected Anthropometric Dimensions

Anthropometric Dimensions
Humans vary significantly in size and build. In some situations, it
is sufficient to design for the smallest or largest likely dimension. In other
situations, adjustable benches, chairs or devices are required for the full
range of people.

Typical Work Clearances

This diagram shows typical clearances for various work
positions. The three values represent:
Minimum Recommended Clearance
Recommended Clearance
Clearance With Bulky Clothing

THE END.

ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the
scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of interactions among
humans and other elements of a system,
and the profession that applies theory,
principles, data, and methods to design
in order to optimize human well-being
and
overall
system
performance
(definition adopted by the International
Ergonomics Association in 2000).

Domains of Ergonomics
Physical ergonomics deals with the
human body's responses to physical and
physiological loads. Relevant topics
include manual materials handling,
workstation layout, job demands, and
risk factors such as repetition, vibration,
force and awkward/static posture as they
relate to musculoskeletal disorders

Cognitive ergonomics

also known as engineering psychology,

concerns mental processes such as
perception, attention, cognition, motor
control, and memory storage and retrieval
as they affect interactions among humans
and other elements of a system. Relevant
topics include mental workload, vigilance,
decision making, skilled performance,
human error, human-computer interaction,
and training.

Organizational ergonomics
,

or macroergonomics, is concerned
with the optimization of
sociotechnical systems, including
their organizational structures,
policies, and processes. Relevant
topics include shift work, scheduling,
job satisfaction, motivational theory,
supervision, teamwork, telework and
ethics.

Foundations

Ergonomics draws on many

disciplines in its study of
humans and their environments,
including anthropometry,
biomechanics, engineering,
kinesiology, physiology and
psychology