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Assembly Language
History of Microprocessor
Arithmetic
and Logic
Unit (ALU)
Register
Array
Accumulator 8 bit register which holds the latest result from ALU
Program counter 16 bit register which holds the address of the next
instruction to be executed
Various Flags
Sign Flag:If the result of the latest arithmetic operation is having MSB (mostsignificant byte) 1 (meaning it is a negative number), then the sign flag is set.
Otherwise, it is reset to 0 which means it is a positive number.
Zero flag: If the result of the latest operation is zero, then zero flag will be set;
otherwise it be reset.
Auxiliary Carry Flag: This flag is not accessible to programmer. This flag will
be used by the system during BCD (binary-coded decimal) operations.
Parity Flag: If the result of the latest operation is having even number of 1s,
then this flag will be set. Otherwise this will be reset to 0. This is used for error
checking.
Carry Flag: If the result of the latest operations exceeds 8-bits then this flag will
be set. Otherwise it be reset.
An example assembly
language program
Address Instruction
202A
202C
202E
MVI
MVI
ADD
A, 21
B, 2A
B
202F
STA
41 FF
2032
HLT
Instruction/Data
202A
202B
202C
202D
202E
202F
2030
2031
2032
MVI
21
MVI
2A
ADD
STA
FF
41
HLT
A,
B,
B
Reference:
http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electric
al/articles/51225.aspx
http://www.cpu-world.com/Arch/8085.html
http://www.ehow.com/way_5230222_8085microprocessor-tutorial.html
http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/electric
al/articles/51225.aspx