Topic:

Landsliding
Group Members
Bilal Ahmed khan
Ammir Mehmood
Sadaqat Bashir
Anwar Shamim
Syed Saddam Hussain

09-CE-34
09-CE-13
09-CE-02
09-CE-36
09-CE-101

Contents.
Types of landsliding
Silent features of Kohala
Landsliding
Factor causing landsliding
Damages of Kohala landsliding
Remedial measure for slope
protection

Landsliding
Types of land sliding according to Blyth & Defreitas(1984)
(a)By detachment of rock as rock fall.
(b)By shear failure of rock on large scale surface.
(c)By shear failure of clay materials.

fig(a)

fig(b)

fig(c)

Land sliding along kohala

Muzaffarabad

North

East

Elevation

34 7 24.65"

73 29 28.96" 1900 ft

North

East

Elevation

34 06 20.51"

73 29 46.07"

2432 ft

Land slide

Retaining
wall
Fault
line

Land slide

Retaining
wall
Fault
line

Silent features of landslide in kohala(Muzaffarabad)

Sr. no#

features

kohala

Slide materials

Clay, silt , sand and

Broken rocks

Slip surface

Circular failure in clay

Rate of movement

Generally slow but become rapid after

rain fall.

Mass movement
Volume displacement

Mixture of disintegrated mass with large

blocks 70,0003

Triggering factor

Earthquake1971 and 2005

Factor causing land slide

Earthquake
Five new landslides were initiated as result of earth quake of
December 1971(5.4 magnitude) and October 2005(7.6 magnitude)
along kohala muzaffarabad road.
Raining
Increase moisture content of soil and decrease strength of soil.
Flood of 1992 and 2010.
Deforestation
Causes decrease in soil strength and increases erosion of soil.

Stability analysis
(1)By Circular failure method (used)
(2)By Bishop method
(3)By Spencer method
(4)Plain failure method
(5) Janbus method
(6) Sarmas method

Strength analysis
1. Unconfined compression test
2. Field density test (core cutter and sand replacement
method)
3. Grain size analysis test

Damages of kohala landslide

It causes the road blockage resulting
blockage in transportation.
Causing the casualties.
Wastage of fund.
Land loss.

Remedial measures for slope

protection
Cut and fill solution
Drainage control
Surface protection of slope
(a)Vegetation
(b)Surface covering
Retaining walls
Support and reinforced system

Cut and fill

Slope excavation remedial measures
Reducing Slope height
Reducing slope angle
Removing the unstable materials

Retaining wall
Resist the active and passive pressures of soil like over burden.
Hold the earth and loose granular materials.

Retaining Wall

Drainage system
Reduces the pore water
pressure.
Control the infiltration and
surface runoff.

Support and reinforced system

Increase rock stiffness and strength
Slope stabilization with structural element like rock bolts and
cable bolts.
Prevent sliding of soil and rock.

Surface protection of slope

a)Vegetation
Hold the soil in position.
Reduce pore water pressure .
Prevent erosion of soil.
(b)Suface covering
Prevent the seepage of water.
Slope are covered by lining of hard rocks
with lean concrete. THE END
(