WiFi

WiFi Fundamentals
Wi-Fi,

or Wireless Fidelity, is freedom: it allows a person to

connect to the Internet from your couch at home, a bed in a
hotel room or a conference room at work without wires.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology. Wi-Fi enabled computers
send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the
range of a base station.
Its just as fast as a cable modem connection.
Allows you to access the Internet while on the move ; you
can remain online while moving from one area to another,
without a disconnection or loss in coverage.

HotSpots
What is a HotSpot?
A HotSpot is a geographic area that has a readily
accessible wireless network.
HotSpots are equipped with a Broadband Internet
connection, and one or more Access Points that allow users
to access the Internet wirelessly.
HotSpots can be setup in any public/private location that
can support an Internet connection. .

Typical Wi-Fi Users

Now that we know about WiFi, who are the likely users
of WiFi services?
Frequent Travelers

Businessmen and Corporate

Managers
Scientists & Doctors
Students and Academicians
Administrators & Technocrats
who participate in Seminars &
Conferences
Just about anybody with a laptop

What are the good places to install WiFi?

Basically, any location which caters to business users, and
where people with laptops are likely to make frequent visits
is an ideal choice to install WiFi.

Airports
Hotels & Resorts
Restaurants
Coffee Shops
Bookstores
Shopping Malls

Sample WiFi Illustration

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

Alternate definition of WiFi Inter operability standard for Wireless
Fidelity using IEEE
802.11b/802.11a/802.11g standard

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How IEEE802.11b/802.11g interwork with
wired LAN IEEE802.3
Using Access Point (AP) which works as a bridge
between these two networks

IEEE Wireless Standards

Wireless
Standard

802.11b

802.11g

802.11a

Frequency Range 2.4 2.4835 GHz

2.4 2.4835 GHz

5.725 - 5.850 GHz

Max Speed

11 MBPS

54 MBPS

54 MBPS

Max Encryption

128 bit WEP

128 bit WEP

152 bit WEP

256 bit AES

Distance Covered 300 ft

300 ft

100 ft

Natively
Compatible

802.11b

802.11b, 802.11g

802.11a

Potential user

Entry level and

home networks

Larger networks,
small business

Large business
concerned with
security

We are using 802.11g standard AP with backward compatibility to 802.11b

Components required for WiFi( in

small environment)
A PC, laptop or PDA, running Windows 98 or above.
A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter. Now a
days all the latest LAPTOPS are coming with in built
CENTRINO.
A Network Interface Card (optional) - Only if a LAN
connection is required)
An Access Point - essentially a compact radio
transmitter with an antenna that connects to a wired
connection, such as an Ethernet, DSL, or Cable
Network.
A valid internet connection.

Components required for a larger environment

Multiple Access Points - To provide overlapping
coverage throughout a site. Access points can be
installed almost anywhere.
Network switch - A device that joins multiple
computers together. A set of Access Points can be
connected to a single network switch.
Wireless LAN bridge (optional) A wireless LAN
workgroup bridge enables connection between two
different hotspot networks.

Components required for very large

environment
Authentication and Billing Server Enables control
access to the Wi-Fi hotspot network by conducting
authentication checks similar to credit card or member
ID authentication. Also tracks wireless usage for billing
purposes and provides payment transaction services.
Wireless Access Gateway A device which connects
wireless subscribers to the wired network. It employs
one Ethernet port to interface with the router and one
wireless subscriber port that supports IEEE 802.11b/g
standard .

Materials procured for Wi-Fi

1. AP Type B : Nomadix AG 2000 W+ ( 300 nos )
AP + SW + RW
2. AP Type A : Proxim AP 700 ( 750 nos )
ORINOCO
3. PCMCIA Card : 60 nos.
4. PCI : 60 nos.
5. NOC
EMS
RADIUS Server
Billing server
Web Portal Server
SMS Gateway Server
Firewall
Type II LAN SW
Type II RW

NOC has been put at Bangalore East TE

PCMCIA wireless card

Used For Portables:

PCI and USB adapters

Used For Desktops:
PCI adapter
USB adapter
(inside)
(outside)

Types of Access Point

A. Type A : A Simple Access Point
In our case it is proxim make ORINOCO AP 700
( Total nos received = 750 all over India )
B. Type B : Router + Switch + AP
In our case we are using NOMADIX AG 2000 W +
( Total nos received = 300 all over India )

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No

City

Circle

No of hot spots

Bangalore

Karnataka

36

Chennai

Chennai

36

Kolkata

Kolkata

36

Pune

Maharashtra

24

Ulhashnagar

Maharashtra

Dombivalley

Maharashtra

Kalyan

Maharashtra

Hyderabad

A.P

24

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No

City

Circle

No of hot spots

Ahemadabad Gujarat

24

10

Lucknow

UP(E)

12

11

Ernakulam

Kerala

12

12

Ghaziabad

UP(W)

13

Noida

UP (W)

10

14

Faridabad

Haryana

15

Gurgaon

Haryana

10

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No

City

Circle

No of hot spots

16

Bhubaneswar Orissa

17

Ranchi

Jharkand

18

Guwahati

Assam

19

Patna

Bihar

20

Indore

MP

21

Coimbatore

TamilNadu

22

Trichy

TamilNadu

Total

Name of Towns & No of hotspots

Sl No

City

Circle

No of hot spots

23

Mandurai

TamilNadu

24

Pondicherri

TamilNadu

TOTAL

300

Note : 1 Hotsot = 1 no of Nomadix AG 2000W+ and

2.5 no of Proxim ORINOCO AP 700 has been assumed

Total

Backhaul of Wi-Fi
1. Broadband Connection ( DataOne )
2. MLLN ( With Ethernet Port )
3. Lease Line
4. Ethernet Over SDH
5. WiMAX

We are using option 1.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

Internet

BRAS

GE

FE

Tier 1

GE

GE

STM Ring

GE

GE

Tier 2 1

FE

11
GE

480
Cu

FE
240
Cu

FE
120
Cu

FE
64
Cu

FE
64

DSLAM

Cu
CPE

Wi-Fi Connectivity
At present we are using ADSL for Wi-Fi connectivity.
So we can say at present Wi-Fi is an add on feature of
DataOne.

Copper Cable
To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW
+AP )
( 50 Such
Laptops )

Suitable for small places like conference hall

Wi-Fi Connectivity

Copper Cable
To DSLAM

RJ-45 Nomadix RJ-45

ADSL
Proxim
( RW+SW
+AP )

( 50 Such
Laptops )

Cascading via Switch

Copper Cable
To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW
+AP )
50-70 M

50-70 M

Switch

Proxim
Proxim

Proxim
50-70 M
Suitable for places like Shopping malls,
Institutions, big hotels

Cascading via Radio

Copper Cable
To DSLAM

ADSL

RJ-45 Nomadix

( RW+SW
+AP )

Proxim

Proxim

Proxim
Proxim

Max 6 nos of Proxim can be cascaded over /Radio.

Suitable for places like Airport, Shopping malls

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

P ROUTER

PE

P ROUTER

BRAS

TIER-I

DSLMP

TIER-II

CPE
AG
PC

PC

SW
PC

AP

AP
PC

PC

PC

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How many PCs can be supported by one

AP
AP+AG : 50 clients max.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How much distance can be supported by

one AP (802.11b)
50M : 11 Mbps
80M : 5.5 Mbps
120M : 2 Mbps
150M : 1 Mbps

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

How much distance can be supported by

one AP (802.11g)
20M : 54 Mbps
40M : 27 Mbps
80M : 6 Mbps
100M : 1 Mbps

Applications of Nomadix AG 2000 W+

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Mainly called access gateway

Pre-paid service
RADIUS Server/Client.
Internal & External Web Server.
Authentication & billing
Can work in small hotels without NOC.
O/P : 63 mw.
No reconfiguration needed in customers Laptop.
Lawful Intercept

Applications of Proxim ORINOCO 700

1. Mainly to be used with AG.
2. SSID & VLAN applications ( 16 nos/AP ).
3. Post Paid applications.
4. Required when area to be covered is big.
5. O/P : 100 mw.
6. Open or Closed SSID System.
7. WDS
8. Link Integrity
9. Rogue AP detection
10. Roaming

802.11 g Channel Frequencies

FCC : U.S./Canada, Mexico and Australia : ETSI: Europe and the UK.
ETSI: Europe including the united Kingdom,China and South Korea
Channel ID

FCC(GHz)

ETSI(GHz)

2.412

2.412

2.417

2.417

2.422

2.422

2.427

2.427

2.432

2.432

2.437

2.437

2.442

2.442

2.447

2.447

2.452

2.452

10

2.457

2.457

11

2.462

2.462

12

2.467

13

2.472

14

Note : There are three Overlapping

Channels.
Viz.
CH 1 : 2.412 2.434 Ghz
CH 6 : 2.437 2.459 Ghz
CH 11 : 2.462 2.484 GHz

Application of WiFi in BSNL Network

1.
2.
3.
4.

New Pre-paid & Post paid Wi-Fi Customers.

Existing Sancharnet Customers
Existing BSNL GSM Customers
Credit card/online payment.

Note:Pre-paid already operational.Existing Sancharnet

Customer Service has been tested successfully & can be
made operational.

From Any Wi-Fi enabled location, when you try to browse a site, say www.yahoo.com,
you will be redirected to the Wifine logn page. If you are a first time user, you need to
register with PIN stated on your coupon. The following depicts the wifine login page.
(this Hotspots must be configured with static public IP)

The PIN is 13-digit unique key. After validating Pin, next page will let the end-user to
create profile. End-user can create user-name and password of their choice. Once
registered coupon is marked as registers and cannot used for more registration.

After registration process End-user can use and login to wifi service using username
and password created.

at any time user can end the session by clicking logout button on
logout screen.

Issues Relating to Wi-Fi

1. Installation materials.
2. Terms and Conditions
/ Rental or Revenue Sharing
3. Tariff Structure
4. Static IP address for each Hotspot.
(Reqd. for each hotspot.ADSL modem
Will be in bridge mode & PPPOE in
Nomadix.
5.Entry of AG & AP ips in EMS.
6.A/ T

INSTALLATION MATERIALS
REQUIREMENT OF WI-FI
IN THE PRESENT TENDER,SCOPE IS THERE FOR 50
METRES OF ETHERNET WIRING.
IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR LARGE HOTSPOTS.
THE EXTRA MATERIALS REQD. ARE:

6 U RACK
UPS
8/16 PORT SWITCH
ETHERNET & POWER CABLING
POE
SEALING BOX (OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS)
GI PIPE
RF CABLE & HELICAL ANTENNA

TARIFF FOR TYPE A HOTSPOT

COUPON
VALUE

USAGE
MINUTES

VALIDITY

USAGE
CHARGES/MIN
in Rs..

Rs. 100

100 mins.

15 days

1.00

Rs.250

275 mins

30 days

0.91

Rs 500

600 mins

45 days

0.83

Rs 1000

1500 mins

90 days

0.67

TARIFF FOR TYPE-B HOTSPOTS

COUPON
DENOMINATI
ON

USAGE
DURATIO
N

VALIDITY

COMMISSION

Rs.60

30 minutes

24 hrs

30%

Rs.90

60 minutes

24 hrs

32.5%

Rs 150

120
minutes

24 hrs

35%

Rs 400

24 hrs

72 hrs

40%

WiMAX Mission
Statement
The purpose of WiMAX is to promote
deployment of broadband wireless access
networks by using a global standard and
certifying interoperability of products and
technologies

Writing test specs

Qualifying test labs
Certifying products
WiMAX is the next revolutionary technology after WiFi

Focus on interoperability

IEEE 802.16a/d/e
IEEE 802.16a A Fixed Wireless Access standard
PtMP, connection oriented MAC layer
Three Physical layers: OFDM, OFDMA and Single Carrier
Approved in April 2003
IEEE 802.16d now called IEEE 802.16-2004
Approved in July 2004
Focused on fixed applications
Consolidates all amendments and base standard for WiMAX
IEEE 802.16e A Mobile Wireless Access standard
Incorporate features and protocols needed for
portability/mobility
Modes added to enhance portability/mobility performance
Expect final approval H105

HIPERMAN the parallel ETSI effort

Identical to 802.16a and 802.16d, except:
Only OFDM PHY

WiMAX Vision: Broadband Everywhere

1

2
FRACTIONAL T1 for
SMALL BUSINESS BACKHAUL for
HOTSPOTS

T1+ LEVEL SERVICE

ENTERPRISE

Mobile
Backhaul

802.16d

802.16d

RESIDENTIAL & SoHo

DSL LEVEL SERVICE

WMAN Nomadic Coverage -> handoff from HOT SPOTS

H

INTERNET
BACKBONE
BWA Operator
Network Backbone

Mobility

H
H

802.16e

H
= wide area
coverage outside of
Hot Spots

Salient features of BSNLWIMAX

1.

WIMAX IN 10 CITIES-1.KOLKATA 2.CHENNAI

3.HYDERABAD 4. BANGLORE 5.AHMEDABAD
6.PUNE 7. HISSAR 8.ROHTAK 9.PINJORE
10.KARNAL
2. 150 TYPE 1 CPEs.(3 RJ 45)
2. VENDOR-MOTOROLA, APERTO TECNOLOGY
3.. FREQ. ALLOTTED- 2 FDD SPOTS OF 3.5 MHz.
4. FOUR SECTORS- 7.5MBPS*4 = 30 MBPS TOTAL
NET THROUGHPUT
5. BS CAPACITY-1000CPE,50 SUBSCRIBER/CPE
MODEL-PM 5000 BS,PM 300i CPE.
6. BS IS WIMAX CERTIFIED

WIMAX BS

WIMAX CPE components

CUSTOMER END ANTENNA , POE & PM 300i

Management Traffic connected to PE router via 128kbps

MLLN circuit & data traffic to Tier-II
1.

User Data is backhauled to the Tier II switch using Ethernet over SDH or
relevant media.

2.

Management Data is transported to the PE router using a 128kbps MLLN

backhaul.

3.

EMS Client connected to the PE using 128kbps MLLN backhaul

4.

All Management elements are part of a VPN.

Snapshot of Frequency Spectrum for WiMAX (2.3 - 5.8 GHz)

MMDS
~2500-2690
2700-2900

3.5GHz band
3400-3600

3300-3400

Low/Mid
UNII-band
(802.11a)

US WCS
2305-2320
2345-2360

~5725-5850

5150-5350

ISM (11b/g)
2400-2480

Upper
UNII-band

WRC (new)
5470-5725

WiMAX profiles available

Other Bands

Note : WPC has allotted two no of FDD frequencies of 3.5 MHz

(1) 3308.75 / 3358.75 MHz (2) 3312.25 / 3362.25 MHz

Performance Requirement from WiMax as

per BSNL Tender

CPE Performance:
8 Mbps net throughput per sector
Shall support 50 subscriber per CPE
BSNL has specifically asked for V5.2,
G703,Gx interface in BS & POTS, VOIP,
USB,G703 interfaces in CPE besides the
normal FE interface in BS & CPE. BSNL
has given 1 Year time frame to bidder to
provide these interfaces since these are
not available with any bidders.

APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX
Multiple broadband from a single
CPE.(Each subs. With different SLA)
Backhaul of wi-fi
Backhaul of DSLMP
Internet lease line.
MPLS VPN sopport.

FIG 1- DSLAM BACKHAUL APPLICATION

FIG-1

Up to 20kmts
Ethernet

Ethernet
CANOPY

CANOPY

CANOPY

Wi-Max
BTS
DSLAM

Wi-Max
CPE

DSLAM
Wi-Max
CPE
Location-2

Location-1

Ethernet
Switch

BRAS

INTERNET
BACKBONE

Wireless Broadband Application

FIG-2

SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Max
CPE

KIOSK
CANOPY

CANOPY

CANOPY

Wi-Max
Base Station
Wi-Fi
Access
Point

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Fi
HOTSPOT

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG 3- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-MAX

Ethernet
Cable
Wi-Max
CPE

Ethernet
Switch

Wi-Max
Base Station
CANOPY

CANOPY

CANOPY

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG 4- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-FI AND WI-MAX

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Fi
Access
Point

Wi-Max
Base Station
CANOPY

CANOPY

CANOPY

INTERNET BACKBONE

FIG-5

MPLS-VPN CONNECTIVITY
SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Max
CPE

SME
CANOPY

CANOPY

CANOPY

Wi-Max
Base Station
SWITCH

MPLS
NETWORK

Wi-Max
CPE

INTERNET BACKBONE

Combined VoIP, DSL & Wi-Max Solution for

URBAN and RURAL Telephony

CO

Local
PSTN
Cu Pairs

Media Gateway
SIP Proxy
&
Media
Server

1
BSNL
INTERNET
IP

POTS Splitter

10/100BT

Existing
Loop
Network
Voice
&
Data

SOHO
DSL CPE

ATA

IP DSLAM
BRAS

Aperto
Wi-Max
Network

Rural Telephony
Aperto
Wireless Access Wi-Max CPE
1
2

1
2
3

Analog 24 port
FXS gateway

24

Issues with WI-MAX Equipment

1. Site survey
2. 5.2/G703 interfaces at CPE & BS end.
3. Height of Antenna at CPE end for longer
distance.
4. Upgradation/Replacement to certified
equipment.