LIQUID

SOLID

Particles of gases
are far apart in
comparison to
solids and liquids.

GAS

Heat

GASES

HAVE NO
DEFINITE VOLUME AND NO
DEFINITE SHAPE (BUT DO
HAVE MASS).

THEY

SIMPLY TAKE THE

SHAPE OF THE CONTAINER
THEY ARE IN.

Gases, unlike solids and

liquids, are fairly easy to
compress and also readily
expand.

The particles of a gas are in constant rapid and

random motion. They move in straight lines, till
they collide with each other or with the walls of
the container. The particles are very far apart
relative to their size. This explains the fluidity, low
density and compressibility of gases

At constant temperature, the pressure of an ideal

gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

where k is
constant

P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = Original Pressure
V1 = Original Volume
P2 = New Pressure
V2 = New Volume

Sample Problem:
A sample of helium occupies a volume of
160cm3 at 100kPa and 25C. What volume
will it occupy if the pressure is decreased
to 80kPa at constant temperature?
P1V1 = P2V2

Solution:
V1 = 160cm3, P1 = 100kPa, T1 = 25C
V2 = ?,
P2 = 80kPa, T2 = 25C
2

P1V1=P2V2
V2 = (P1V1)/P2

At constant pressure, the volume of an ideal gas is

directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Sample Problem:
At a temperature of 25C, a certain amount
of carbon-dioxide gas occupies a volume of
6L. What volume will the gas occupy if its
temperature is reduced to 0C at constant
pressure?

Solution:
V1 = 6L, T1 = 25C or 298K
V2 = ?, T2 = 0C or 273K

But what happens if you raise the

temperature to super-high levels
between
1000C and 1,000,000,000C?
Will everything just be a gas?

Plasma, the 4th state of matter, is a gaslike mixture of positive and negatively
charged particles.
These particles make plasma a high
energy state of matter.

Flames
Lightning
Sun

In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can no longer

bounce around as individuals. Instead they must all act
in exactly the same way.
In 1924, two scientists, Albert Einstein and Satyendra
Bose predicted a 5th state of matter which would occur
at very low temperatures.

CHANGES OF STATE

Vaporization
Liquid to Gas

Boiling

Evaporation

Condensation
Gas to Liquid
The term condensation
refers to the process by
which water vapor in the air
is changed into liquid water.
One of the examples is the
moisture that appears on
the outside of a cold water
bottle or glass.

Sublimation
Solid to Gas
Changing a solid directly to a gas
is called sublimation.
Examples: dry ice, frost on a
window

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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