Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IST 210
Evolution
IST 210
Hierarchical (1970)
Network (1970)
Relational (1980)
Object (1990)
IST 210
File terms
Record
Field
File
IST 210
File structures
A file: STUDENT
record
field
ID
Last
First
Grade
Smith
Jane
Wood
Bob
Kent
Chuck
Boone
Dan
IST 210
File organization
Serial
Sequential
IST 210
File structures
Serial
list of entries in
which the order
of entry into the
list determines
the order of the
list
ID
3
Last
Smith
First
Jane
Grade
A
Wood
Bob
Kent
Chuck
Boone
Dan
File structures
IST 210
Search of a simple
list entails going
through each record
until the query is
satisfied (linear
search), which is
inefficient
ID
3
Last
Smith
First Grade
Jane
A
Wood
Bob
Kent
Chuck
Boone
Dan
File structures
IST 210
Sequential
list of entries
ordered in some
way (e.g.
numerically or
alphabetically)
ID
Last
First
Grade
Wood
Bob
Kent
Chuck
Smith
Jane
Boone
Dan
File structures
IST 210
Search of an
ordered
sequential list can
use a search
method
ID
Last
First
Grade
Wood
Bob
Kent
Chuck
Smith
Jane
Boone
Dan
IST 210
File structures
Indexes provide a reference to records based on an index
field, which is ordered
Last
Pointer
ID
Last
First
Grade
Boone
Wood
Bob
Kent
Kent
Chuck
Smith
Smith
Jane
Wood
Boone
Dan
IST 210
Redundancy
Inconsistency
Maintenance problems
IST 210
Data model
IST 210
Network model
IST 210
Relationships:
one-to-one
one-to-many
many-to-one
many-to-many
Student
Grade
Instructor
ID
Department
IST 210
Advantages
Disadvantages
Complex
Restructuring can be difficult because of
changing all the pointers
IST 210
IST 210
Parent-child
relationship:
one-to-one
one-to-many
Student
Grade
Instructor
ID
Department
IST 210
Advantages
easy to search
add new branches easily
Disadvantages
IST 210
Summary
Oracle
Informix
SQL Server
DB2
..
IST 210
Stores both
IST 210
Relational database
Fields (columns) in the
table store attributes.
IST 210
Terms
Table
Column
Row
Domain
Primary Key
IST 210
Records
Each record represents a logical entity (e.g. a
student)
Each field represents an attribute of the
logical entity
Student
ID
1
Last
Wood
First
Bob
Grade Class
C IST357
Kent
Chuck
IST115
Smith
Jane
IST357
Boone
Dan
IST357
IST 210
Keys
Each table has a primary key, one field (or a
combination of fields) that has a unique value for
each and every record in the table
ID Last
1
Wood
Student
First Grade Class
Bob
C IST357
Kent
Chuck
IST115
Smith
Jane
IST357
Boone
Dan
IST357
Relating tables
IST 210
Student
ID
Last
First
Grade
Class
Wood
Bob
IST357
Kent
Chuck
IST115
Smith
Jane
IST357
Boone
Dan
IST357
Class
Name
#Stud
Instructor
IST357 48
Jones
IST115 120
Brower
IST20
120
Fountain
IST 210
Relating tables
Primary key
Foreign key
Primary key
Student
ID
Last
First
Grade
Class
Wood
Bob
IST357
Kent
Chuck
IST115
Smith
Jane
IST357
Boone
Dan
IST357
Class
Name
#Stud Instructor
IST357 48
Jones
IST115 120
Brower
IST20
120
Mennis
IST 210
Relating tables
Student
ID
Last
First
Grade
Class
Wood
Bob
IST357
Kent
Chuck
IST115
Smith
Jane
IST357
Boone
Dan
IST357
Class
Name
IST20
#Stud Instructor
120
Brower
IST115 120
Jones
IST357 48
Jones
Instructor
Name
Office
Jones
Brower
332
517
IST 210
DBMS Schema
External Schema
Conceptual Schema
Internal Schema
IST 210
RDBMS Features
IST 210
Relationships
IST 210
Link between
entities.
A relationship may
define constraints.
IST 210
Advantages of RDBMS
IST 210
Disadvantages of RDBMS
IST 210
Object DBMS
Object-relational DBMS
Object DBMS
IST 210
IST 210
Summary
Common
word
Textbook
word
Alternate
word
Object word
Table
Relation
Object class
Column
Attribute
Field
Object field
Domain
Domain
Range of
possible values
Datatype,
subtype
Row
Tuple
Record
Object instance
Primary key
Primary key
Key of the
record
Object identifier