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Optimizing Converged

Cisco Networks (ONT)

Lesson 1.1: The Evolution of Telephony in the Enterprise

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Describe the history of the telephone services industry
and its affect on modern business practices.
Identify the components of the traditional telephone
system.
Describe traditional POTS service.
Describe ISDN & T1 services.
Explain the drivers of converged networks.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Telephone System


A telephone system has four elements:
A telephone set to convert sound to electrical signals and back to sound
One or more central switching facilities
Connections to the central switching facilities
Connections among multiple switching centers across telephone
networks

Subscribers connect to the telephone network using:


Dedicated wire connections in overhead or underground cables
Radio waves (cellular, satellite, or radiotelephone)
VoIP

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Components of a Modern Telephone


System
Long Distance and
International Connections

IP
Central Office
with Switches

Fiber

Local
Loop

POTS and
ADSL

Home Office with


Corporate VPN
including VoIP

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cellular Phone
System

Traditional POTS Services


PSTN or PTT (POTS) has remained practically
unchanged for over 100 years offering:
Bi-directional, or full duplex, voice path to carry sound both
ways at once
Dial tone and ringing signals
Subscriber dialing
Operator services, such as directory assistance, long distance,
and conference calling assistance
Power

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ISDN and T1 Services


ISDN: A set of standards that allow data and voice to be
carried on copper wire from the telephone exchange to
customer premises:
BRI: 2 B-channels and 1 D-channel for control
PRI: 23 B-channels (30 in Europe) and 1 D-channel for control

T1 Carrier System: Specification for digital transmission


between telephone exchanges and sometimes directly
to customer premises. T1 uses copper wire or fiber.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Digital Telephone Services


Digital Telephone Services include:
Voice mail
Caller ID
Call waiting
Reminder calls
(Three-way) conference calling
Enhanced 911 (in North America)
Centrex
A number of other similar services

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

PBX and Centrex


Centrex (a virtual PBX):
Call Transfer
Call Divert on no reply and on busy calls
Call Waiting
Three-Party Conference
Call Pick Up (Group)
Ring Back
Reminder or Alarm Call
Typical Centrex telephone. Note the
Recall button and the Message
Waiting lamp.
Last Number Redial
Centrex Hotline (non-dialed connection)
Centrex Warm Line (delayed Hotline)
Centrex Hunt Groups, with optional bypass numbers
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Long-Distance Calling Challenges


May I have a line
to Chicago?
Is this a
business call?

PSTN

Yes it is.

Thank you. One


second please.
Chicago Office
PBX

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Long-Distance and WATS


Long-distance trunk lines connect telephone
exchanges.
Long-distance services include:
OUT-WATS: Flat-rate long-distance calling
IN-WATS: Toll-free calling using 1-8xx numbers

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Separate Voice, Video, and Data Networks

London
Office

San Jose
Office
PBX

PBX

Tokyo
Office
PBX
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Converged Voice, Video, and Data Network


PSTN

IP WAN

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self Check
1. What are the 2 levels of ISDN service?
2. What is a Centrex?
3. What is a WATS-type plan?
4. What options are available in WATS plans?

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary
Companies have used telephone services for over 100
years as a part of their business practices.
Changing technology and changing enterprise needs
have influenced changes in telephony services.
The increasing use of IP transport for data, voice and
video has lead to the need for converged networks.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Q and A

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Resources
Wikipedia Telephone Exchange article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange

Cisco IP Telephones on Converged Network Enable


Rapid Emergency Response
http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/partners/success_stories/2001/
pss_10-10.html

Making the Business Case for Unified Communications


http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns165/network
ing_solutions_audience_business_benefit0900aecd80472efb.ht
ml

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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