Square Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld

Single Bevel Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single U Groove Weld

Single J Groove Weld

Backing Weld

Fillet Weld

Plug / Slot Weld

Spot Weld

Seam Weld

Edge Weld

Surfacing

Weld Profile

Flat

Convex

Concave

M
Toes blended
smoothly

Permanent
Backing Strip

MR
Removable
Backing Strip

Peripheral Welds

Site welds

Tail Optional)

Sequence of Information in the Tail

Process (as per ISO 4063)

Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)

Working Position (as per ISO 6947)

Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or

ISO 3581)

Method of representation

Reference Line (Continuous)

Arrow
Line

Reference Line (Dashed)

Weld Joint

Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side

Other Side

Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side

Welding on the Other Side

Other
Side

Arrow
Side

Welding on the Arrow Side

Other
Side

Arrow
Side

Which is the Other Side in this case?

Side B

Side A

Side C

Side D

Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side

Symmetric Welding on both Sides

Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

OR

Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

Butt Joints

Fillet Welds

z5

5
5

a5

l
5

Fillet Welds

Intermittent Fillet Welds

n x l (e)

n x l (e)

(e)

(e)

Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds

n x l (e)

n x l (e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

Spot Weld
d

n (e)

e
d

Seam Weld
d

n x l (e)

e
d

Plug Weld
d

n (e)

e
d

Slot Weld
d

n x l (e)

e
d

Poor penetration
Poor strength

Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)

Factors which influence choice of edge

preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost

butt
lap

tee

corner
edge

Groove welds

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Square Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld

J Groove weld

V Groove weld

U Groove weld

Double V Groove weld

Double U Groove weld

Double Bevel Groove weld

Double J Groove weld

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Edge weld

Square Groove weld

Root gap

Single V Groove weld

Groove angle

Root face
Root gap

Correct
reinforcement

Excess
reinforcement

Minimum cost

High cost

Good joint
strength

Poor joint strength

Under
reinforcement

Poor joint strength

Weld from face side

Back gouging

Back weld

Backing weld

Back gouging

TIG / SMAW
welding

Consumable
guide

Double V groove

Less weld metal

Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm

Single V groove

More weld metal

More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm

Groove angle
Root radius
Root face
Root gap
Good access at the root
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm

Single bevel groove

Bevel angle 40 to 50
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects

Double bevel groove

Back gouging to
remove root defects
Good weld quality

Good access at the root

Back gouging and back welding to get good weld
quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost

In a full strength
joint, leg = 0.75 x
thickness

throat = 0.707 x leg

leg = 1.414 x throat
leg

throat

leg

45 or 60

leg = throat

leg = throat

Actual throat
Theoretical throat

AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm

to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap

overlap
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max

1G

3G

2G
4G

1G

2G

5G

6G

45

1F
2F
3F

4F

1F
2F

5F

Position

Inclination of axis

Rotation of face

Flat

0 to 15

150 to 210

Horizontal

0 to 15

80 to 150
210 to 280

Overhead

0 to 80

0 to 80
280 to 360

Vertical

15 to 80

80 to 280

80 to 90

0 to 360

Position

Inclination of axis

Rotation of face

Flat

0 to 15

150 to 210

Horizontal

0 to 15

125 to 150
210 to 235

Overhead

0 to 80

0 to 125
235 to 360

Vertical

15 to 80

125 to 235

80 to 90

0 to 360