Study of Tundish Refractory

and Slag Interaction

Presented by:
Jitendra Salecha
Under the guidance of:
Mr. R.K Adepu
Refractory Technology Group
Study of Tundish Refractory
and Slag Interaction
Tundish Linings

Working lining

Back-up lining
 Study of Tundish Refractory
and Slag Interaction
 Average sequence length in LD #1 =14
 No. of Heats/Hrs in a month = 600
 No. of tundishes used in a month =42
 Changeover time for a tundish =1-1.5 hrs
If average sequence length is increased by 2 then:
 No. of tundishes required in a month =37
 BENEFITS:
 Production will be increased by reducing changeover
time for tundish
 Cost of refractory will also be reduced
OBJECTIVES
 To increase the sequence length of
the tundish
 To reduce the cost of the refractory
per ton of steel
 To suggest the best suitable
refractory to be used as working
lining in tundish in LD #1
PLAN
 Study of interaction between working lining and slag
 Cup test
 By Contact angle measurement with different
working linings and different grade slags
 Study of wear mechanism
 By XRD and SEM analysis of reacted working
lining
 Evaluation of DVM working lining
 By XRD and SEM
 Addition in the refractory to improve the life
 Carbon fiber, paper fiber, alumina fiber, mineral
wool fiber etc
CUP TEST
Refractory:
Magnavibe TCO, TCH

Slag:
HC, MC, LC (steel grade)

Furnace
1350oC, for 8 hrs

XRD & SEM of reacted

portion

XRD & SEM of

Unreacted portion
 Samples after firing
LC Slag HC Slag MC Slag HC Slag

Magnavibe TCO
Magnavibe TCH

•Physically, there is no substantial difference in penetration of

different grade of steel slag as seen from above figures.
• But MC steel grade slag having higher % of MnO(viz. 13.35%)
also has same penetration
CUP TEST
Refractory:
Magnavibe TCO, TCH

Slag:
HC, MC, LC (steel grade)

Furnace
1350oC, for 8 hrs

XRD & SEM of reacted

portion

XRD & SEM of

Unreacted portion
XRD of pure vibro mass
C o unts
3 6 M 1 U nre a c te d
1500 M a g ne s ium S ilic a te 6 2 ,0 %
Iro n D iiro n(III) O xid e 6 ,2 %
M a g ne s ium O xid e (1 /1 ) 3 1 ,8 %

1000

500
As expected ….

0
The major phase found
in pure vibro mass is
30 40 50 60 70 80
P o s itio n [°2 The ta ]

S e le c te d P a tte rn: M a g ne tite 9 8 -0 0 7 -8 2 0 2 Forsterite and

R e s id ue + P e a k L is t Periclase. However, a
Composition:
A c c e p te d P a tte rns
small amount of
magnetite is also
Magnesium silicate (Mg2SiO4) : 62.0 % present.
Periclase(MgO): 31.8%
Magnetite(Fe3O4) :6.2%

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 XRD of reacted vibro mass
Counts
36 H1 Reacted
Magnesium Iron Silicate (1.86/0.14/1) 100,0 %
Composition:
1000
Magnesium Iron silicate(36H1)
(Fe0.14Mg1.86SiO4): 100 %
Magnesium Iron silicate(36L1)
500

0
30 40 50 60 70 80
(Fe0.2Mg1.80SiO4): 100 %
Position [°2Theta]

36H1 Reacted
Selected Pattern: Magnetite 98-007-8202
Comment:
Counts
36 M1 Reacted

3000
Magnesium
Residue Iron Silicate (1.8/.2/1) 100,0 %
+ Peak List
There was only one major phase
Accepted Patterns
found in reacted portion of the
2000
brick. From these XRD analysis it
1000
can be said that the slag is in
glassy phase which presence
0
30 40 50 60 70 80
cannot be seen in XRD
Position [°2Theta]

36L1 Reacted
Selected Pattern: Magnetite low 98-001-7288

Residue + Peak List

back
CUP TEST
Refractory:
Magnavibe TCO, TCH

Slag:
HC, MC, LC (steel grade)

Furnace
1350oC, for 8 hrs

XRD & SEM of reacted

portion

XRD & SEM of

Unreacted portion
SEM of pure vibro mass(2736)
Forsterite rich Silica rich Forsterite
area area rich area

MgO rich
MgO rich area Cao,MgO,SiO2
area
rich area 1 2
back
SEM of Deskulled Sample(T-18)

Iron rich area

MgO rich area

Ca , Mg silicate rich
area

Ca silicate rich area

CaO and FeO rich Area

back
 SEM of deskulled sample(T-10)
Al2O3 rich area MgO rich area Ca,Mg silicate
rich area

Ca,Mg silicate Iron rich area Chromite rich

rich area 1 2 back area
OBSERVATIONS
 From XRD, it can be seen that there
was only one major phase present in
reacted portion that magnesium iron
silicate.
 From SEM, the infiltration of slag into
refractory material was clearly visible.
Wettability Characteristics by
Contact Angle Measurement
 Experimental Set-Up

The sessile drop unit, schematic sketch

Picture
 PROCEDURE
1400

1 C/min 1250 C1250

1200

1100 1100

1000
1100 C

Temperature (C)
800

600
10 C/min
400

200 200

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time (min)

Substrate & Slag Heating schedule Live pictures

Substrate: Magnavibe TCO & TCH

Slag: : LC, HC
 Comparison of contact angle
200

180

160

140
Contact angle

120
37LC
37HC
100 36LC
36HC
36H3-HC
80

60

40

20

0
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240

Temperature
Contact Angle v/s Temperature
Observation of CA experiments
The salient observations during CA Experiment:

 There was no change in the shape of slag nobule till

1130C
 After 1130C slag started softening and changed into a
spherical shape and developed a specific contact angle
with refractory substrate
 This contact angle was constant over a range of
temperature from 1130C to 1180C, during which
complete softening took place
 After 1180C the slag became more fluid and started
absorbed into the substrate, by 1250 slag has been
completely absorbed.
CONCLUSIONS
 From CUP Test, it can be concluded that there is no
substantial difference in penetration of slag into refractory
material
 From XRD and SEM, it can be observed that slag
penetrated into refractory material. This shows interaction
between working lining and slag.
 From Contact Angle measurement, slag started melting
from 1130oC.This gives indication of low melting phases
present in Slag.
 Owing to low melting temperature of slag, some additives
(MgO and CaO) should be added to increase its melting
point to enhance the life of tundish working lining
THANK YOU
!
Back up slides
nbnb
 COMPOSITION of HC and LC
%Fe %CaO %SiO2 %MgO %MnO %Al2O3 %TiO2 %Cr2O3

HC 2.38 14.1 51.25 10.99 7.06 11.69 0.78 0.47

LC 1 14.48 59.47 8.0 8.08 7.92 0.28 0.14

MC 1 15.81 54.37 8.18 13.35 8.20 0.30 0.16

Compositon of TCO and TCH

%Fe %MgO %SiO2 %CaO %Al2O3

TCO 4.34 64.14 28.56 0.55 0.14

TCH 4.28 63.36 29.22 0.52 0.12

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 %Weight of pure vibro mass-1
O-K Mg-K Si-K Ca-K Fe-K
2736(3)_pt 39.98 59.84 0.18
1
2736(3)_pt 40.89 24.44 18.37 15.97 0.33
2
2736(3)_pt 44.90 32.93 21.55 0.62
3
2736(3)_pt 40.51 59.34 0.15
4
2736(3)_pt 38.21 23.44 19.71 18.64
5
2736(3)_pt 45.04 31.95 21.17 1.85
6
2736(3)_pt 42.24 18.39 19.88 19.49
7 1
 %Weight of pure vibro mass-2
O-K Na-K Mg-K Al-K Si-K S-K Ca-K Ti-K Fe-K

2736(2)_ 7.40
pt1
40.20 18.81 33.59

2736(2)_ 7.84
pt2
35.05 19.96 37.15

2736(2)_ 0.61 0.35 0.41

pt3
40.99 57.64

2736(2)_ 0.15 0.08 0.40

pt4
40.53 58.83

2736(2)_ 6.80
pt5
43.89 28.59 20.73

2736(2)_ 5.71 1.98 0.69 0.20 5.65 2 0.63

pt6
%Molecular weight in T-18
Mgo Al2O3 SiO2 CaO TiO2 MnO FeO
Pt_1 5.38 2.20 2.81 29.30 4.48 3.84 52.00

Pt_2 16.32 - 38.48 20.96 - 16.11 8.12

Pt_3 - 3.54 47.41 34.06 7.68 5.59 1.71

Pt_4 100
Pt_5 100
Pt_6 27.24 - 37.36 28.60 0.77 6.04 -
 %Molecular weight in T-10-1
MgO Al2O3 CaO FeO SiO2 MnO K2O Fe

Pt_1 14.41 76.92 - 2.80 - 5.86 - -

Pt_2 18.39 - 38.55 3.95 31.04 7.28 0.79 -

Pt_3 - - - - - - - 100

1
 %Molecular weight in T-10-2
MgO Al2O3 CaO FeO SiO2 MnO TiO2 Cr2O3

Pt_1 87.10 7.15 5.75

Pt_2 25.47 34.34 1.70 34.12 4.37

Pt_3 24.66 10.73 2.98 0.98 60.64